Nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses are performed to simulate the behavior of top-and seat-angle connections. Contact model with small sliding option is applied between contact pair surfaces of all connecting elements. Bolt pretension force is introduced in the initial steps of analysis. Numerical analysis results together with the prediction by Kishi-Chen power model are compared with experimental ones to examine the applicability of proposed analysis method and power model. The study is farther extended by analyzing the models varying connection parameters, material properties of connection assemblages, and magnitude of bolt pretension. The following results are obtained: 1) bolt sustains additional tensile force due to prying action; 2) prying force develops more quickly due to increment of bolt diameter, gage distance from angle heel to the centerline of bolt hole, and reduction of angle thickness; and 3) bolt pretension increases the initial connection stiffness.
The discussion, in this paper, is confined to the natural vibration of the fill dam which can be described by the truncated wedge of inhomogeneous rigidity: G=Gm(z/hY where G: modulus of rigidity, z: distance from the top of dam, h: dam height, n: rigidity index, and with rectangular canyon shape. Equilibrium of the bending moment and the shearing force in the vertical direction, together with the shearing force and twisting moment in the transverse direction, leads to the fundamental dynamic equations of the prescribed model of dam. Finite difference method is used to determine the natural frequencies and natural modes of the dam. The frequencies and the modes are computed for the various rigidity index n, the canyon width and the bottom width, the results are put in order in graphical or tabular forms.
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