A total of nine yoghurt samples purchased from the Kingdom of Lesotho were evaluated
for their pH, titratable acidity, syneresis and sensory profiles following standard
procedures. The pH, titratable acidity and syneresis of these nine samples were found to be
in the range of 3.94-4.22, 0.69-1.81 and 1.76-35.15%, respectively. The sensory profiles
such as appearance, texture, aroma, flavour, taste and overall acceptability of these nine
samples were found to be in the range of 2.5-4.5, 2.2-3.3, 2.5-4.1, 1.7-4.0, 2.1-4.3 and 2.3-
3.9, respectively. The pH of all nine yoghurt samples was complying in accordance with
FDA specifications. The percentages of titratable acidity of some yoghurt samples were
complying in accordance with FDA specifications and some samples were not. On the
other hand, some samples have remarkably high syneresis. Our study showed that the pH,
titratable acidity, syneresis and sensory profiles of these yoghurt samples were
significantly different (p<0.05). Sensory properties, particularly, flavour, taste and aroma
of yoghurt samples are needed to be improved for a better consumer overall acceptability.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this kind on yoghurt samples from
the Kingdom of Lesotho.
Methanolic and chloroform extracts obtained from various parts of Schinus molle and Gleditsia triacanthos were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The methanolic extracts from S. molle showed scavenging activity ranging from 35.97±1.02 to 83.38±2.74%, while the chloroform seed extract showed relatively weak scavenging activity ranging from 8.20±1.02 to 68.82±3.17%. The IC 50 values of S. molle methanolic leaves extract, S. molle methanolic stem-bark extract and S. molle chloroform seed extract (SMMELS, SMMESB and SMCHSD) were found to be 476.43, <250 and ~3000 µg mL-1 , respectively. The methanolic extracts from G. triacanthos showed scavenging activity ranging from 35.97±1.02 to 92.36±0.11%, while the chloroform seed extract showed relatively very weak scavenging activity ranging from 3.74±1.04 to 15.47±4.57%. The IC 50 values for G. triacanthos methanolic leaves extract, G. triacanthos methanolic stem-bark extract, G. triacanthos methanolic thorns extract and G. triacanthos chloroform seed extract (GTMELS, GTMESB, GTMETS and GTCHSD) were found to be 452.32, 720.56, <250 and >3000 µg mL-1 , respectively. The positive controls, GAMEOH and GAETAC, showed an IC 50 value <250 µg mL-1 each. From this study, we concluded that the extracts from these two medicinal plants, S. molle and G. triacanthos, showed promising antioxidant activity. Therefore, further investigations, such as bioactive guided isolation of pure compounds, antioxidant activity of pure compounds, application of these extracts or pure compounds in culinary, etc., are required.
Chloroform seed extract from Schinus molle was analyzed for its phytochemical compositions by GC-MS. A total of 38 compounds were identified. S. molle has therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. Essential oils obtained from various parts of this plant are reported to have promising biological and pharmacological activity.
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