BackgroundPropolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine and possessing many pharmacological properties. In this study we aimed to investigate: i) the antiviral activities of Hatay propolis samples against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in HEp-2 cell line, and ii) the presence of the synergistic effects of propolis with acyclovir against these viruses.Material/MethodsAll experiments were carried out in HEp-2 cell cultures. Proliferation assays were performed in 24-well flat bottom microplates. We inoculated 1×105 cells per ml and RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal calf serum into each well. Studies to determine cytotoxic effect were performed. To investigate the presence of antiviral activity of propolis samples, different concentrations of propolis (3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, and 25 μg/mL) were added into the culture medium. The amplifications of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed by real-time PCR method. Acyclovir (Sigma, USA) was chosen as a positive control. Cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was significantly suppressed in the presence of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of Hatay propolis. We found that propolis began to inhibit HSV-1 replication after 24 h of incubation and propolis activity against HSV-2 was found to start at 48 h following incubation. The activity of propolis against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of viral copies.ConclusionsWe determined that Hatay propolis samples have important antiviral effects compared with acyclovir. In particular, the synergy produced by antiviral activity of propolis and acyclovir combined had a stronger effect against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than acyclovir alone.
BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of disinfectant resistance genes (qacA/qacB,qacC) and the aminoglycosides resistance genes [(aac(6′)aph(2″),aph(3′)-IIIa,ant(4′)-Ia)] in both S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains (CoNS) isolated from surgical site infections.Material/MethodsTotally, 130 staphylococcal strains isolated from surgical site infections between January 2012 and February 2013 were included in the study. The PCR technique was employed to verify any presence of methicillin resistance gene (mecA), aminoglycoside resistance genes [(aac(6′)/aph (2″), aph(3)-III a ant (4′)-1a)], and disinfectant resistance genes (qacA/qacB,qacC) in staphylococci.ResultsMecA gene was determined in 58 (44.6%) of 130 staphylococcal isolates. A total of 28 (73.7%) of 38 S. aureus isolates were found to be positive for the mecA gene, and 4 (12.9%) of 31 isolates sensitive to amikacin were sensitive to methicillin. Eighteen (47.4%) of 38 amikacin-resistant S. aureus isolates were found to be positive for qacA/qacB genes and 11 (8.9%) of them were positive for qacC gene. Both mecA and qacA/qacB genes were found to be positive at the same time in 19 amikacin-resistant S. aureus strains. Seven (18.4%) S. aureus isolates were determined to be positive for qacA/qacB and qacC genes. Frequency of qacA/B genes was found to be 47.4% among amikacin-resistant S. aureus strains, while qacC gene was found to be 28.9% (p<0.05). The ratio of qacA/B and qacC genes in CoNS was found to be 37.9% and 20.7%, respectively (p<0.05).ConclusionsQuaternary ammonium resistance genes were found to be positive at a remarkable ratio in the staphylococcal isolates from surgical wounds. Especially, the high rates of aminoglycosides and methicillin-resistance gene was remarkable in S. aureus isolates. Quaternary ammonium resistance genes were found to be positive.
akut gastroenterit öntanısı ile gönderilen rotavirüs ve adenovirüs antijen testi ile incelenen dışkı örneklerinin sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Rotavirüs ve adenovirüs antijen testi olarak kalitatif immunokromotografik yöntem ile çalışan VIKIA® Rota-Adeno (BioMerieux, Fransa) kiti kullanıldı. Rotavirüs ve Adenovirüs sıklığının yıllara, aylara, hastaların yaşlarına göre dağılımı SPSS 13.0 programı kullanılarak incelendi. Nominal ve interval değişkenler arası ilişkiler ki-kare testiyle analiz edildi. Anlamlılık sınırı olarak 0.05 kabul edildi. Bulgular:Rotavirüs/Adenovirüs antijen araştırılması istenilen 64 dışkı örneğinin 20 (%31.2) tanesinde Rotavirüs, ikisinde (%3.1) Adenovirüs antijeni pozitif olarak bulundu. Rotavirüs antijen pozitif saptanan dışkıların 12'si (%60) kış mevsiminde, 7'si (%35) sonbaharda ve 15'i (%75) 0-2 yaş bebeklik dönemindeki hastalardan gönderildiği saptandı. Adenovirüs antijen pozitifliği 2 (%3,1) hastada tespit edildiği için mevsim ve yaş ile ilişkisi belirlenemedi. Sonuç: Bütün dünyada olduğu gibi bizim hastanemizde de rotavirüs ishalleri bebeklik döneminde sık görüldüğünden özellikle kış mevsiminde akut gastroenteritli çocuklarda Rotavirüs araştırılmalıdır. Böylece gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımı da önlenmiş olacaktır.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.