BackgroundAgricultural workers especially in sugarcane plantations have a high risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Little is known about CKD among sugarcane plantation workers in Cameroon. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and identify factors associated with CKD in sugarcane plantation workers in Cameroon.MethodsWe conducted an analytic cross-sectional study including 204 adult workers at the sugarcane plantation complex in Mbandjock, Cameroon; over 500 m above sea level. Chronic kidney disease (proteinuria as estimated by urine dipstick analysis and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 persistent after 3 months) was the outcome of interest. Those with abnormal results were seen again after 3 months to confirm the diagnosis. We evaluated the association between CKD and participant age, sex, contract-type, duration of employment, socio-economic status, workspace, exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and heat, selected risk factors and co-morbid conditions.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CKD was 3.4%. The factory workers were the most affected (7%), compared to the field (2.4%) and office workers (0%). 2.9% of the participants had persistent proteinuria, mild in every case, and 0.5% of them had an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Age ≥ 40 years was an independent predictor of CKD.ConclusionThe prevalence of CKD among employees of the Mbandjock sugarcane plantation is low, probably reflecting the preventive measures against heat stress and dehydration in place.
Background: This study aimed at investigating the apolipoprotein L1 genetic variants in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease among Cameroonians.Methods: A total of 179 non-diabetic CKD (100 cases and 79 controls), matched for; age, sex and comorbidities were included and genotyped by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Apolipoprotein L1 risk variants at the Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, South Africa and at the National Centre for Filariasis and other Tropical diseases in Yaounde, Cameroon. Cases were patients with a biological or biopsy-proven diagnosis of CKD whereas Controls were patients with a risk factor for CKD except for diabetes with a normal renal function.Results: Frequencies of the two risk alleles was twofold higher amongst cases (29%) compared to the controls (13.9%). The odds of having the two APOL 1 genetic variants (GI/G2) was 2,5folds in cases compared to controls (p=0.016; OR=2.53) in the recessive model of inheritance. The odds were even higher for the APOL1 G1 risk allele in the recessive model of inheritance (p = 0.007; OR 3.91).Conclusion: Apolipoprotein L1 genetic variants are common in the Cameroonians and may contribute to the susceptibility to non-diabetic chronic kidney in this population.
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