Chronic kidney disease in sugarcane workers in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundAgricultural workers especially in sugarcane plantations have a high risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Little is known about CKD among sugarcane plantation workers in Cameroon. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and identify factors associated with CKD in sugarcane plantation workers in Cameroon.MethodsWe conducted an analytic cross-sectional study including 204 adult workers at the sugarcane plantation complex in Mbandjock, Cameroon; over 500 m above sea level. Chronic kidney disease (proteinuria as estimated by urine dipstick analysis and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 persistent after 3 months) was the outcome of interest. Those with abnormal results were seen again after 3 months to confirm the diagnosis. We evaluated the association between CKD and participant age, sex, contract-type, duration of employment, socio-economic status, workspace, exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and heat, selected risk factors and co-morbid conditions.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CKD was 3.4%. The factory workers were the most affected (7%), compared to the field (2.4%) and office workers (0%). 2.9% of the participants had persistent proteinuria, mild in every case, and 0.5% of them had an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Age ≥ 40 years was an independent predictor of CKD.ConclusionThe prevalence of CKD among employees of the Mbandjock sugarcane plantation is low, probably reflecting the preventive measures against heat stress and dehydration in place.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Cameroon: A scoping review

“…The prevalence of CKD among sugarcane plantation workers was 3.4% [26]. The prevalence of CKD among rst-degree family relatives of persons living with CKD on hemodialysis was 15.9% [29].…”

“…Search terms #1 "Kidney disease*" OR "kidney failure" OR "Renal disease" OR "Renal insu ciency" OR "Chronic kidney" OR "Chronic renal" OR "CKD" OR "CKF" OR "CRD" OR "end-stage renal" OR "end-stage kidney" OR "endstage renal" OR "endstage kidney" OR "uremia" OR "uraemia" OR "dialysis" OR "hemo ltration" OR "haemo ltration" OR "hemodia ltration" OR "haemodia ltration" OR "hemodialysis" OR "haemodialysis" OR "renal dialysis" Prevalence of CKD in Cameroon Table 2 summarizes the studies that reported on the prevalence of CKD in Cameroon. The prevalence of CKD was reported in 11 studies in Cameroon [11,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. All studies were cross-sectional studies, 4 (36.4%) were community-based, and 2 (18.2%) were conducted in rural areas.…”

“…Overall, the prevalence of CKD in the general population ranged from 10.0-14.2%, [11,17,31]. The prevalence of CKD ranged from 3.4-14.1% and 10.0-14.2% in the general population in rural [17,26] and urban areas [17,31], respectively.…”

“…Factors associated with CKD Table 3 depicts the factors associated with CKD. Advanced age [11,[26][27][28]30,32], female sex [27,29], obesity/adiposity [27,30,50], hyperuricemia/gout [27,30,31], longer duration of HIV [32], CD4 count less than 200 cells/mL [32], hyperkalemia [28], dyslipidemia [28,30], hypertension, diabetes mellitus [11,30,50], smoking [30,50], consumption of alcohol [30,50] and herbal medication [50], self-medication [30] were associated with increased odds of CKD. Thirteen studies discussed the comorbidities of CKD in Cameroon, Table 5.…”

Inhibition of microRNA-376b Protects Against Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Inducing Macrophage Autophagy by Upregulating Atg5 in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which mainly arises from hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic glomerulonephritis, has attracted growing attention in recent years because it affects up to 13.4% of the population worldwide [1]. CKD can be defined as kidney dysfunction characterized by fibrillar collagen deposition lasting for at least 3 months [2,3].…”