Highlights:  First detailed Holocene cryptotephra study in a productive volcanic arc setting  Integrated Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of key East Asian isochrons  Improved chronology of many widespread Holocene tephra layers  New constraints on volcanism from back-arc volcanoes (Changbaishan & Ulleungdo)  Reveals isochrons than can be used to synchronise to the SG14 record

Electric field effects on magnetism in metals have attracted widespread attention, but the microscopic mechanism is still controversial. We experimentally show the relevancy between the electric field effect on magnetism and on the electronic structure in Pt in a ferromagnetic state using element-specific measurements: x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Electric fields are applied to the surface of ultrathin metallic Pt, in which a magnetic moment is induced by the ferromagnetic proximity effect resulting from a Co underlayer. XMCD and XAS measurements performed under the application of electric fields reveal that both the spin and orbital magnetic moments of Pt atoms are electrically modulated, which can be explained not only by the electric-field-induced shift of the Fermi level but also by the change in the orbital hybridizations.

Tandem intramolecular electrophilic arene borylation was developed to facilitate access to B-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). DFT calculations revealed that electrophilic arene borylation occurred via a four-membered ring transition state, in which C-B and H-Br bonds formed in a concerted manner. An organic light-emitting diode employing the B-doped PAH as an emitter and a B-doped PAH-based field-effect transistor were successfully fabricated, demonstrating the potential of B-doped PAHs in materials science.

Chiral spin textures of a ferromagnetic layer in contact to a heavy non-magnetic metal, such as Néel-type domain walls and skyrmions, have been studied intensively because of their potential for future nanomagnetic devices. The Dyzaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is an essential phenomenon for the formation of such chiral spin textures. In spite of recent theoretical progress aiming at understanding the microscopic origin of the DMI, an experimental investigation unravelling the physics at stake is still required. Here we experimentally demonstrate the close correlation of the DMI with the anisotropy of the orbital magnetic moment and with the magnetic dipole moment of the ferromagnetic metal in addition to Heisenberg exchange. The density functional theory and the tight-binding model calculations reveal that inversion symmetry breaking with spin–orbit coupling gives rise to the orbital-related correlation. Our study provides the experimental connection between the orbital physics and the spin–orbit-related phenomena, such as DMI.