a Acetic acid is one of the major inhibitors of spent sulfite liquor (SSL) fermentation for ethanol production. The objective of this study was to remove acetic acid from hardwood SSL using anion exchange resin in order to achieve effective fermentation with Pichia stipitis CBS6054. Lignosulfonate, as well as sulfate and sulfite ions in the SSL hindered the removal of acetic acid by anion exchange resins. CaO treatment was an effective method for removing these materials from SSL, which facilitated the removal of acetic acid in the subsequent ion exchange resin treatment. A two-stage strong base ion exchange resin (OH -form) treatment removed approximately 90% of the acetic acid from CaOtreated SSL, which decreased the acetic acid concentration to less than 1 g/L. The combined treatment of CaO and ion exchange resin treatments in a relatively short time achieved the selective removal of acetic acid from SSL and significantly increased the ethanol production from SSL.
Anthraquinone (AQ) is used in the pulp and paper industries as a cooking catalyst. However, because AQ is "possibly carcinogenic", it is no longer approved in Germany for the manufacture of paper and paperboard that contact food. To address this problem, we examined 2-methylanthraquinone (2-MAQ) , a natural anthraquinone from teak (Tectona grandis) wood. Eucalyptus globulus wood was subjected to kraft cooking at 145℃ for 3 h with 0.03% 2-MAQ and 15-19% active alkali to provide pulp in 55.5-58.1% yield. Kraft cooking with the acetone extract of Myanmar teak wood increased pulp yield by 1.6% but decreased kappa number by two points compared to that with only 2-MAQ. Ames testing suggests that 2-MAQ is not mutagenic. Unbleached and oxygen-bleached pulp contained 0.40-2.90 ppm and 0.21-0.39 ppm residual 2-MAQ, respectively, while 2-MAQ was not detected in fully bleached pulp; therefore, this pulp should be safe for food-packaging use.
Acacia crassicarpa has a potential source as a renewable forest material in Indonesia. This research clarified the conditions to produce dissolving pulp with suitable properties from A. crassicarpa wood by prehydrolysis at 150℃ for 3 h and soda cooking at 160℃ for 3 h with application of 0.1% soluble anthraquinone (SAQ: 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene sodium salt) . The presence of SAQ in soda cooking exhibited a significant increase in pulp yield (1.8%) compared to kraft cooking at a given kappa number (approximately 11) . The bleaching ability of the soda-SAQ pulp in elemental chlorine-free process with peroxymonosulfuric acid (O-D 0 /P sa -E p -D 1 sequence) was sufficiently good for dissolving pulp properties. The α-cellulose content, brightness, viscosity and ash content were 94.1%, 88.1% ISO, 10.3 mPa•s, and 0.02%, respectively.
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