Gallesia integrifolia (Phytolaccaceae) is native to Brazil and has a strong alliaceous odor. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition of G. integrifolia fruit essential oil and evaluate fungicidal activity against the main food-borne diseases and food spoilage fungi. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and identified by GC-MS. From 35 identified compounds, 68% belonged to the organosulfur class. The major compounds were dimethyl trisulfide (15.49%), 2,8-dithianonane (52.63%) and lenthionine (14.69%). The utilized fungi were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, and Trichoderma viride. Minimal fungicidal concentration for the essential oil varied from 0.02 to 0.18mg/mL and bifonazole and ketoconazole controls ranged from 0.20 to 3.50mg/mL. The lower concentration of the essential oil was able to control P. ochrochloron, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. ochraceus and T. viride. This study shows a high fungicidal activity of G. integrifolia fruit essential oil and can support future applications by reducing the use of synthetic fungicides.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal and larvicidal activities of essential oil (EO) from fruits, leaves and flowers of garlic wood on cattle tick [Rhipichephalus (Boophilus) microplus]. The fruits were harvested from May to June (2015) and the leaves and flowers in December (2015). The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation (2h) and identified by GC/MS. Bioassays consisted of Adult Immersion Test and Larval Immersion Test. The results made the following major compounds evident: 2,3,5-trithiahexane (35.29%) in fruits, dimethyl sulfide (42.42%) in leaves and methanethiol (44.91%) in flowers. The EOs from fruits, leaves and flowers showed high activity on the tick larval cycle, presenting LD 99.9 of (0.23 ± 0.01 mg/mL), (2.15 ± 0.11 mg/mL) and (0.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL), respectively. However, when we compared different phases of cattle tick's live cycle, EO from fruits was more active on females' mortality, and EO from leaves was more efficient on the egg hatching inhibition, whereas EO from flowers presented better results on bovine tick larva. Thus, garlic wood (Gallesia integrifolia), a native plant of the Atlantic forest can be considered as a promising natural agent to control bovine tick.
The chemical composition of Gallesia integrifolia fruits essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus was investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, the cytotoxicity activity against human tumor cell lines MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (large cell lung carcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and non-tumor PLP2 (porcine liver primary cells) as well as the anti-inflammatory action was proposal. The compounds were predominantly organosulfates (2,8-dithianonane, dimethyl trisulfide, and lenthionine). Antiinflammatory activity that provides 50% inhibition of nitric oxide production (55 mg/mL) of essential oil of the fruits. It also presents cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (GI 50 ¼ 66 mg/mL), NCI-H-460 (GI 50 ¼ 147 mg/mL), HeLa (GI 50 ¼ 182 mg/mL) and HepG2 (GI 50 ¼ 240 mg/mL). The essential oil is more active in tumor cells than in non-tumor cells and the GI 50 values for essential oil reported in our work support future studies.
This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of Gallesia integrifoliaessential oil from fruits, leaves, and flowers against Aedes aegyptilarvae and pupae. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sulfur compounds represented 95 to 99% of the essential oil from fruits, leaves, and flowers. Essential oil major compounds were 2,8-dithianonane (52.6%) in fruits, 3,5-dithiahexanol-5,5-dioxide (38.9%) in leaves, and methionine ethyl ester (45.3%) in flowers. The essential oils showed high activity against larvae, and low for pupae withLC99.9of 5.87 and 1476.67μg/mL from fruits; 0.0096 and 348.33 μg/mL from leaves and 0.021and 342.84 μg/mL from flowers, respectively. The main compound with insecticide activity is probably n-ethyl-1,3-dithioisoindole, from isoindole organothiophosphate class, found in greater amount in flower and leaf essential oil. The great insecticide activity of G. integrifoliaessential oil suggests that this product is a natural insecticide.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o rendimento do óleo essencial obtido das folhas e flores de espécimes da Gallesia integrifolia, localizados no meio ambiente rural na cidade de Icaraíma-PR e distrito de Porto Camargo -PR, com a composição química de seus solos. O processo de extração utilizado foi a hidrodestilação em aparelho Clevenger. Nos locais estudados, quatro amostras de solo foram coletadas e encaminhadas para um laboratório de análise de solos. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre os micronutrientes - manganês e ferro e entre os macronutrientes as diferenças mais significativas encontradas foram entre os elementos fósforo, ferro e enxofre. Dos 30 parâmetros analisados, 60% apresentaram menores quantidades no solo de Porto Camargo. Em relação aos rendimentos dos óleos essenciais das flores, a espécie de Porto Camargo apresentou rendimento superior ao de Icaraíma. Fato que pode estar associado a insuficiência de nutrientes presente no solo.
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