A new method to estimate past chlorophyll a variation from available satellite, ship and buoy data is proposed. Satellite chlorophyll a variations during spring from 1998 to 2003 in the Japan Sea were described well by a Gaussian curve, and the parameters were correlated with physical variables obtained from other sources. Start and peak timing of spring bloom had positive/negative correlation with average wind speed in February and March and strength of stratification during spring ship observation, respectively. Spring bloom timing estimated for past 20 years showed that in mid‐1980s the bloom started and peaked relatively earlier in early March and the duration was shorter. Primary production during 1980s was estimated not to be high. The method is also applicable to understanding of past chlorophyll a conditions in other areas.
Measurements of the chemical composition of fog water at Murododaira (altitude, 2,450 m), on the western slope of Mt. Tateyama near the coast of the Japan Sea, were performed each autumn from 2004 through 2007. Strong acidic fogs (pH<4) containing high concentrations of nssSO 4 2− were frequently observed in the autumn of 2005, when the air mass at Mt. Tateyama originated mainly from the polluted regions of Asia. The ratio of NO 3 − /nssSO 4 2− in fog water was relatively high in 2004 and 2007. High concentrations of nssCa 2+ derived from dust particles were detected in 2006. Background Kosa particles might have been predominant in the free troposphere and could have neutralized acidic fogs in the autumn of 2006. High concentrations of sea-salt components were also observed in October 2005. The sea-salt particlesmight have been transported from the Pacific Ocean by a strong typhoon, and significant Mg 2+ loss was observed. Peroxides higher than 100 μM, which are seriously harmful to vegetation were sometimes detected.
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