Chemical Characteristics of Fog Water at Mt. Tateyama, Near the Coast of the Japan Sea in Central Japan

Abstract

Measurements of the chemical composition of fog water at Murododaira (altitude, 2,450 m), on the western slope of Mt. Tateyama near the coast of the Japan Sea, were performed each autumn from 2004 through 2007. Strong acidic fogs (pH<4) containing high concentrations of nssSO 4 2− were frequently observed in the autumn of 2005, when the air mass at Mt. Tateyama originated mainly from the polluted regions of Asia. The ratio of NO 3 − /nssSO 4 2− in fog water was relatively high in 2004 and 2007. High concentrations of nssCa 2+ derived from dust particles were detected in 2006. Background Kosa particles might have been predominant in the free troposphere and could have neutralized acidic fogs in the autumn of 2006. High concentrations of sea-salt components were also observed in October 2005. The sea-salt particlesmight have been transported from the Pacific Ocean by a strong typhoon, and significant Mg 2+ loss was observed. Peroxides higher than 100 μM, which are seriously harmful to vegetation were sometimes detected.

Aerosol Deposition and Behavior on Leaves in Cool-temperate Deciduous Forests. Part 2: Characteristics of Fog Water Chemistry and Fog Deposition in Northern Japan

“…The mean concentration of SO 4 2-in fog water (127 μeq L -1 ) ( Table 2) was close to the value of 108 μeq L -1 observed in a rural area in northern Japan (Adzuhata et al, 2001) and was relatively low compared with those of 273 and 138 μeq L -1 measured at nearurban (Igawa et al, 1998) and rural areas in central Japan (Watanabe et al, 2010), respectively. More than 90% of the SO 4 2-in fog water was observed as nss-SO 4 2-throughout the observational period (Table 2).…”

Chemical Composition of Fog Water at Four Sites in Taiwan

“…The NO 3 -/SO 4 2--ratio is a widely used parameter (Collett et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2006;Watanabe et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2011) to estimate the relative importance of mobile (NO x from motor vehicles) versus stationary (SO 2 from fossil-fueled power plants) pollution emission sources . In our data, the NO 3 -/SO 4 2--ratios are 0.65, 0.71 and 0.66 for CLM, LABS and KM, respectively, indicating that the fog composition is typically sulfatedominated at these locations and that stationary power plants play a major role in acidifying the fog samples.…”

“…The collection of fog is quite challenging and time consuming. Nevertheless, numerous studies investigated the chemical composition of fog in the United States (e.g., Collett et al, 1999a, b;Collett et al, 2002;Herckes et al, 2015), in Europe (e.g., Wrzesinsky and Klemm, 2000;Polkowska et al, 2008;Giulianelli et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015), and in Asia (e.g., Tago et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2006;Watanabe et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2010;Watanabe et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011).…”

pH Control in Fog and Rain in East Asia: Temporal Advection of Clean Air Masses to Mt. Bamboo, Taiwan

“…High emissions of air pollutants including precursors of atmospheric acidity lead to low pHs of rain, clouds, and fog (e.g., [4][5][6][7][8]) and to highly acidic aerosol particles (e.g., [9,10]). However, there are also reports of high pHs (above 5.0) in precipitation, cloud, and fog water (e.g., [1,11]).…”

“…However, there are also reports of high pHs (above 5.0) in precipitation, cloud, and fog water (e.g., [1,11]). While the neutralizing action of ammonia, and, in some cases, from calcium, plays an important role also in this part of the world, some of the reports indicate that rather clean, un-polluted cases of rain and fog were found [6,8,12]. Is it feasible to assume that conditions of very clean cloud and rainwater can occur in this region?…”