-The distribution of females of Anastrepha species per trap was strongly clustered, with five traps (6%) capturing 50% of the total of females. Only Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and A. obliqua (Macquart) were dominant species. A. fraterculus was by far the most frequent species (80.2% of the females), and the most constant, occurring in 98.0% of the samples. In decreasing order of frequency, A. obliqua (12.6%), A. pseudoparallela (Loew) (3.1%), and A. bistrigata Bezzi (2.1%) comprised the other major species. The remaining species showed frequency lower than 1%. The high value of the Simpson's index (0.660) as well as the low values of Shannon's index (0.7518) and the equitability index (0.4597) resulted from the high frequency of A. fraterculus.KEY WORDS: Insecta, fruit fly, faunal index RESUMO -A distribuição das fêmeas das espécies de Anastrepha por armadilha foi fortemente agregada, com cinco armadilhas (6%) capturando 50% do total de fêmeas. Apenas Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) e A. obliqua (Macquart) foram dominantes. A. fraterculus foi a espécie mais freqüente (80,2% das fêmeas) e a mais constante, ocorrendo em 98,0% das amostras. Em ordem decrescente de freqüência, seguiram-se A. obliqua (12,6%), A. pseudoparallela (Loew) (3,1%) e A. bistrigata Bezzi (2,1%). As demais espécies apresentaram freqüência menor que 1%. O valor elevado do índice de Simpson (0,660) e os valores baixos do índice de Shannon (0,7518) e de eqüitatividade (0,4597) resultaram da alta freqüência de A. fraterculus.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Insecta, mosca-das-frutas, índice faunístico O número total de indivíduos amostrados em uma determinada área e a análise quantitativa da diversidade têm sido bastante empregados em estudos faunísticos, permitindo caracterizar uma comunidade.Estudos conduzidos em pomares comerciais mostraram que embora diversas espécies de moscas-das-frutas estejam presentes, apenas uma ou duas são consideradas dominantes.
An integrative multidisciplinary approach was used to delimit boundaries among cryptic species within the Anastrepha fraterculus complex in Brazil. Sexual compatibility, courtship and sexual acoustic behaviour, female morphometric variability, variation for the mitochondrial gene COI, and the presence of Wolbachia were compared among A. fraterculus populations from the Southern (Vacaria, Pelotas, Bento Gonçalves, São Joaquim) and Southeastern (Piracicaba) regions of Brazil. Our results suggest full mating compatibility among A. fraterculus populations from the Southern region and partial pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation of these populations when compared with the population from the Southeastern region. A. fraterculus populations from both regions differed in the frequency of courtship displays and aspects of the calling phase and mounting acoustic signal. Morphometric analysis showed differences between Southern region and Southeastern region samples. All populations analyzed were infected with Wolbachia. The trees generated from the COI sequencing data are broadly congruent with the behavioural and morphometric data with the exception of one Southern population. The likely mechanisms by which A. fraterculus populations might have diverged are discussed in detail based on behavioural, morphometric, molecular genetics, and biogeographical studies.
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