Inhibitory effects of trehalose liposomes (DMTre) composed of 30mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 70mol% trehalose surfactants on the growth of lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4) cells in vitro and therapeutic effects of DMTre for xenograft mice model of carcinoma in vivo were examined. DMTre inhibited the growth of MOLT-4 cells in a dose-dependent manner due to apoptosis. The activation of caspase-3, -8, and 9 was obtained for MOLT-4 cells after the treatment with DMTre. The clustering of lipid rafts in plasma membranes of MOLT-4 cells was examined with a marker Cholera toxin subunit B conjugates Alexa Fluor (CTB), which binds to the pentasaccharide chains of ganglioside GM1 on the cellular surfaces. The clustering of lipid rafts in plasma membranes of MOLT-4 cells was observed after the treatment with DMTre. Therapeutic effects of DMTre were obtained for xenograft mice model of carcinoma in vivo.

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Inhibitory effects and anti-invasive activities of trehalose liposomes (DMTreC14) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and α-D-glycopyranosyl-α-D-glucopiranoside monomyristate (TreC14) on the proliferation of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cells were examined in vitro. DMTreC14 with a hydrodynamic diameter less than 100 nm, were preserved for 4 weeks. The inhibitory effects of DMTreC14 on the proliferation of A549 cells accompanied with apoptosis were obtained. Enhancement of the accumulation of DMTreC14 into A549 membranes was observed. An increase in cellular membrane fluidity of A549 cell treated with DMTreC14 was observed on the basis of fluorescence depolarization method. DMTreC14 caused apoptosis for A549 cells through the activation of caspases and mitochondrial pathway. The anti-migration effects of DMTreC14 for A549 cells were observed through the inhibition of filopodia formation. The anti-invasion effects with the reduction of MMP-14 of DMTreC14 for A549 cells were obtained.

In this study, the effect of trehalose liposomes (DMTreC14) constituted using α-D-glycopyranosyl-α-Dglucopyranoside monomyristate (TreC14) and L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, on the growth of the human breast cancer cell-line, MCF-7 was examined. It was observed that DMTreC14 had an inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7 cells and caused apoptosis. This was attributed to DMTreC14 induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the release of cytochrome-c and activation of caspase-6 and caspase-9 in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it was observed that there was an increased accumulation of DMTreC14 in the cell membrane of MCF-7 cells, followed by an increase in the fluidity of the cell membrane. In addition, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) was also observed upon treatment with DMTreC14.