BackgroundThis study assessed the psychometric profile of 10 questionnaires (every 6 months, from 6 to 60 months) from the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition (J‐ASQ‐3).MethodsData from 439 children in a birth cohort were used to identify the J‐ASQ‐3 score distribution, establish cut‐off scores, and calculate the instrument's internal consistency. Data were also collected from 491 outpatients to examine J‐ASQ‐3 test–retest reliability and concurrent validity, which was examined using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) and the Japanese version of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (J‐Denver II). Both the original and the alternative screening criteria of the ASQ‐3 were used (failure in at least one and at least two domains, respectively).ResultsCronbach's alpha for each J‐ASQ‐3 subscale on each questionnaire ranged from 0.45 to 0.89. Test–retest reliability was >0.75 for the subscales on almost all questionnaires. Concurrent validity was also adequate. In comparison with the screening results of the KSPD, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 96.0% and 48.8%, respectively, when the ASQ‐3 original criterion was used, and 92.1% and 74.9%, respectively, when the alternative criterion was used. In comparison with the screening results of the J‐Denver II, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 75.6% and 74.7%, respectively, when the ASQ‐3 original criterion was used, and 56.3% and 93.0%, respectively, when the alternative criterion was used.ConclusionsThis study quantified the psychometric profiles of the Japanese translations of 10 ASQ‐3 questionnaires. We demonstrated the validity of the J‐ASQ‐3 and determined new cut‐off scores. Further studies with larger samples from a greater range of locations are required to clarify the suitability of this tool for all Japanese children.
We report the case of a 31-year-old man who had mild traumatic brain injury as a result of an accident at the age of 24 years. Seven years after the trauma, at the age of 31 years, he had a lower verbal intelligence quotient than performance intelligence quotient by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised, and frontal lobe dysfunction, for example, difficulty in maintaining or changing the set as revealed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Keio Version. Conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging had not shown any abnormalities. Abnormal brain areas were detected on magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging. On tractography, some fibres from the corpus callosum towards the frontal cortex were noted to be lacking in the left hemisphere compared with the right. The tractography results may explain the patient's lowered verbal intelligence quotient and focal left frontal lobe dysfunction. Diffusion tensor imaging is therefore helpful in detecting lesions in mild traumatic brain injury with diffuse axonal injury.
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