MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy reduced hand tremor in patients with essential tremor. Side effects included sensory and gait disturbances. (Funded by InSightec and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01827904.).

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Tremor suppression after MRgFUS thalamotomy for ET is stably maintained at 2 years. Latent or delayed complications do not develop after treatment. Ann Neurol 2018;83:107-114.

Background: Oral supplementation of anserine/carnosine helps preserve cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition between cognitive-normal and dementia. Therefore, it needs to investigate whether anserine/carnosine supplementation (ACS) has effects on subjects with MCI. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial was performed. Fifty-four subjects with MCI were randomized to an active group ingesting 750 mg of anserine and 250 mg of carnosine per day or a placebo (1:1). Evaluation of cognitive change was conducted utilizing a psychometric test battery. Results: The score improvement in the global Clinical Dementia Rating (gloCDR) was superior in the active group than placebo (p = 0.023). No beneficial effect in the active group was detected in the other psychometric tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). When APOE4 positive (APOE4 (+)) or negative (APOE4 (-)) subjects were separately analyzed, beneficial change in the APOE4 (+) subjects was observed in MMSE (p = 0.025) as well as in gloCDR (p = 0.026). Conclusions: The present study might suggest that protective effects against cognitive decline in APOE4 (+) MCI subjects exist.

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Abstract. The staurosporine analogues, K-252a and RK286C, were found to cause DNA re-replication in rat diploid fibroblasts (3Y1) without an intervening mitosis, producing tetraploid cells. Analysis of cells synchronized in early S phase in the presence of K-252a revealed that initiation of the second S phase required a lag period of 8 h after completion of the previous S phase . Reinitiation of DNA synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and serum deprivation, but not by Colcemid, suggesting that a functional G1 phase dependent on de novo synthesis of protein and RNA is essential for entry into the next S phase. In a src-transformed 3Y1 cell line, as well as other cell lines, giant cells containing polyploid nuclei with DNA contents of 16C to 32C were produced by conwo major events in the normal cell cycle, nuclear DNA replication in S phase and nuclear division in M phase, are tightly coupled with each other. Comple tion of one is an essential requirement for initiation of the other (Hartwell et al., 1974;Hartwell, 1978). For example, mitosis is dependent on the completion of S phase; blocking DNA replication prevents the initiation ofmitosis in somatic cells. The molecular mechanism of this coupling has been studied using early embryos (Dasso and Newport, 1990), several mutant cell lines (Nishimoto et al., 1978;Osmani et al., 1988 ;Weinert and Hartwell, 1988 ;Enoch and Nurse, 1990), and drugs which cause premature mitosis in the absenceofchromosome replication (Schlegel and Pardee,1986 ;Schlegel et al ., 1990).DNA replication is reciprocally dependent on previous mitosis and is controlled so as to occur precisely once in each cell cycle. An important clue to understanding the mechanism underlying this regulation was provided by Rao and Johnson (1970), who fused G2-phase cells with S-phase cells and demonstrated that a nondiffusible factor is responsible for blocking DNA re-replication in the G2 nucleus . Recently, Blow and Laskey (1988) proposed a model based on observations of chromosome replication in Xenopus egg extracts. They assumed that an essential factor for DNA rereplication is supplied from the cytoplasm to the chromosomes through breakdown of the nuclear envelope in mito- tinuous treatment with K252a, indicating that the agent induced several rounds of the incompl cycle without mitosis . Although the effectiv tration of K-252a did not cause significant i of affinity-purified p34cdc2 protein kinase activity in vitro, in vivo the full activation of p34cdc2 kinase during the G2/M was blocked by K252a . On the other hand, the cyclic fluctuation of partially activated p34cdc2 kinase activity peaking in S phase still continued . These results suggest that a putative protein kinase(s) sensitive to K-252a plays an important role in the mechanism for preventing over-replication after completion of previous DNA synthesis . They also suggest that a periodic activation of p34cdc2 is required for S phases in the cell cycle without mitosis .to cell concenibition sis . However, very little is kno...