We present an algorithm for song composition using prosody of Japanese lyrics. Since Japanese is a "pitch accent" language, listener's apprehension is strongly affected by the pitch motions of the speaker. For example, the meaning of Japanese word "ha-shi" changes with the pitch. It means "bridge" with an upward pitch motion, and "chopsticks" with the motion inversed. A melody attached to the lyrics cause an effect similar to the pitch accent. Therefore we can assume that pitches of Japanese lyrics give constraints on pitch motions of the melody. Furthermore, chord progression, rhythm and accompaniment give constraints on the transitions and occurrences of the melody notes. If a certain melody for the lyrics were obtained, the melody would satisfy these constraints. Conversely, we can compose a song by finding the melody which optimally meets the condition. Implementation and Experimental ResultsOrpheus is an automatic composition system that we implemented using melody composition algorithm based on prosody. This system computes melody from the lyrics input with choices of chord progressions, rhythm patterns, and accompaniment instruments. We used Galatea-Talk[4] text-to-speech engine to analyze the prosody of Japanese lyrics, and HMM singing voice synthesizer[5] to generate the vocal part. We also implemented the system as a web-based application 1 . We did two experiments to evaluate the system. Firstly, we asked a classical music composer to evaluate 59 generated songs in five-grade evaluation. Secondly, we uploaded our system to get comments from a large number of users on the internet. During a year of operation, about 56,000 songs were generated by the users and 1378 people answered the questions about Orpheus and the generated songs. The results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Judging from the results, about 70.8% commented that the generated songs are attractive, and 84.9% of the users had fun trying this system.
In this paper, we propose a remote measurement system of surface compliance distributions for haptic broadcasting. Our system is composed of an ultrasound phased array generating acoustic radiation pressure on the remote object surface and a laser displacement sensor. The compliance is evaluated by the ratio of the surface displacement to the applied force. We set up a system to examine the feasibility of the method. In the experiments, the distribution of the surface compliance comparable to the human skin was successfully measured for a flat object surface. INTRODUCTIONSharing haptic information of real objects among people should be called Haptic Broadcasting, as shown in Figure 1, and is an attractive challenge in haptics. Conventional haptic tele-existence systems have assumed one-to-one communication between a slave hand and a haptic display, where the slave's motion is faithful to the user's motion and the haptic display duplicates the haptic interaction between the slave and the object. In the system, it is unnecessary to know the whole elasticity model of the object in advance.On the other hand, if millions of people want to touch an object at the same time, the above mentioned master-slave model fails since millions of slave hands cannot touch the object simultaneously. Thus, producing the whole physical model including elasticity, texture, and other haptic properties of an object is necessary when multiple users share haptic reactions. Our goal is to provide a method to obtain the haptic model of an unknown object instantaneously, for realizing haptic broadcasting of real objects. MacLean has also proposed the model-based approach in [1]. In this paper, we consider required specifications for the haptic broadcasting system and propose a method for sensing haptic properties of an object, especially a surface compliance distribution.In this paper, we propose a remote measurement system of a surface compliance (elasticity) distribution. This is one of the essential haptic properties. We optically measures the surface vibration induced by airborne ultrasound radiation pressure produced by an ultrasound phased array. The phased array device used in this paper is identical to the tactile display device used in [2]. We estimate the compliance by using the ratio of the surface displacement to the applied spot force of the radiation pressure, assuming the linearity of the elasticity. Since the measurement point can be scanned quickly without any mechanical contact to the object, we can obtain surface compliance at a high frame rate in principle.All the existing/previous compliance (hardness) distribution sensors need mechanical contact to objects [3,4] or close placement of an air jet nozzle to objects [5,6]. Our method is the first example of remote compliance sensor. Although we design the sensing system to provide compliance data for force displays including PHANTOM, the potential applications range widely. For example, we can evaluate the wetness of a painted surface without damaging the surface. It is also...
In this paper we describe a method of high accuracy device position and orientation detection for HCI environments. Our position and orientation detection is an additional function to the Two-Dimensional Communication technology, which enables devices placed on a thin sheet to achieve two key functions for ubiquitous computing, to communicate one another and to receive electricity through the sheet wirelessly. This paper discusses the method developed to specify the positions and orientation of devices placed on the sheet. It evaluates the accuracy of obtained position and orientation through an experiment using a prototype of our positioning sensor.
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