A 37-year-old woman was admitted into the coronary care unit following chest pain after using cocaine. She was found to have significant myocardial ischaemia on blood and ECG investigations despite a recent coronary angiogram that had not demonstrated flow-limiting coronary disease. This case report summarises the risks of myocardial ischaemia and/or infarction for patients taking cocaine and the pathophysiology behind it, focusing in particular on the risks of delayed reaction some time after cocaine ingestion.
34.2%), Cat (51.7%), Dog (50.8%) and cockroaches, Blatella germanica (48.3 8%) and Periplaneta Americana (53.3%). Overall, multiple sensitization (sensitization to >4 allergens) was significantly associated with increasing level of asthma severity (p<0.001). However, that association disappeared after adjustment for potential confounders like age, sex, exposure to smoking, pet and having family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis. It remained statistically significant only for the patients sensitized to HDM as the relationship was not modified by con founders. Moreover, mean SPT wheal size was not significantly associated with severity of asthma for all allergens tested. Conclusions HDM was the most common sensitizing aeroallergen. Although children with moderate to severe asthma had significantly higher proportion of SPT positive, this study could not establish any relationship between degree of wheal size and severity of asthma. Therefore, the association between degree of sensitivity to indoor allergen and childhood asthma severity is still uncertain.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to 1. Determine occurrence of iron and vitamin D deficiency in the sample population, 2. Identify predictors of the presence of these deficiencies if any and 3. Elucidate factors influencing screening for these deficiencies in children with ASD. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of case records of all patients with ASD who were seen at a tertiary developmental paediatric centre in Singapore from January 2018 to June 2018. Inclusion criteria was 1. Child age 0 to 7 years and 2. Diagnosis of ASD following clinical evaluation by a developmental paediatrician or formal psychological evaluation with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Exclusion criteria was 1. Chronic medical conditions and 2. Genetic syndromes. Information on demographic variables, ASD-related variables and other medical conditions was abstracted using a structured data collection form. Presence of iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 12mg/L or transferrin saturations < 10%), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D] < 10 mg/L) and vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D between 10.1-29.9 mg/L) was determined from review of laboratory investigations. Descriptive statistics were used to assess for prevalence of iron and vitamin D deficiencies. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of iron and vitamin D deficiencies and chi square tests were used to compare children who were and were not offered screening for these deficiencies.Results The sample consisted of 480 children (81% males, 19% females) with a mean age of 4.5 years (SD 1.3). Of this, only 20.2% (N=97) of children were screened for iron deficiency and 18.3% (N=88) were screened for vitamin D deficiency using blood tests. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 19% (N=18). Younger children were more likely to have iron deficiency (B=1.06, p=0.02). The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 38% (N=33) and that of vitamin D deficiency was 1.1% (N=1). Older children were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (B=1.07, p=0.01). Only 20.8% (N=100) of children from the entire sample were offered screening blood tests; children with greater severity of disease (c2= 9.80, p=0.002) and those with a history of selective feeding (c2= 8.27, p=0.004) were more likely to be offered screening tests. Conclusions The prevalence of both iron deficiency and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was high in this sample compared to the general population. Of note, only a small proportion of children were offered screening and eventually screened for these deficiencies. Apart from child age, there were no significant child or disease characteristics that predicted these deficiencies. Routine screening of all children with ASD for iron and vitamin D deficiency is recommended.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.