Background There is no evidence supporting that temperature changes COVID-19 transmission. Methods We collected the cumulative number of confirmed cases of all cities and regions affected by COVID-19 in the world from January 20 to February 4, 2020, and calculated the daily means of the average, minimum and maximum temperatures in January. Then, restricted cubic spline function and generalized linear mixture model were used to analyze the relationships. Results There were in total 24,232 confirmed cases in China and 26 overseas countries. In total, 16,480 cases (68.01%) were from Hubei Province. The lgN rose as the average temperature went up to a peak of 8.72℃ and then slowly declined. The apexes of the minimum temperature and the maximum temperature were 6.70℃ and 12.42℃ respectively. The curves shared similar shapes. Under the circumstance of lower temperature, every 1℃ increase in average, minimum and maximum temperatures led to an increase of the cumulative number of cases by 0.83, 0.82 and 0.83 respectively. In the single-factor model of the higher-temperature group, every 1℃ increase in the minimum temperature led to a decrease of the cumulative number of cases by 0.86. Conclusion The study found that, to certain extent, temperature could significant change COVID-19 transmission, and there might be a best temperature for the viral transmission, which may partly explain why it first broke out in Wuhan. It is suggested that countries and regions with a lower temperature in the world adopt the strictest control measures to prevent future reversal.

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Development of effective and stable catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation into ethanol remains a challenge. Herein, we report that Rh 1 /CeTiO x single-atom catalyst constructed by embedding monoatomic Rh onto Tidoped CeO 2 support has shown a super high ethanol selectivity ( � 99.1 %), record-breaking turnover frequency (493.1 h À 1 ), and outstanding stability. Synergistic effects of Ti-doption and monoatomic Rh contribute to this excellent catalytic performance by firstly facilitating oxygen vacancies formation to generate oxygen-vacancy-Rh Lewis-acid-base pairs, which favor CO 2 adsorption and activation, cleavage of CÀ O bonds in CH x OH* and COOH* into CH x * and CO* species, subsequent CÀ C coupling and hydrogenation into ethanol, and secondly generating strong RhÀ O bond by Ti-doping-induced crystal reconstruction, which contributes to striking stability. This work highlights the importance of support elaborating regulation for singleatom catalyst design to substantially improve the catalytic performance.

Environmental and occupational factors were strongly associated with DED and constituted the major proportion in a hospital-based population. A classification of DED based on the distribution of risk factors was recommended for clinical use.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) came under the attention of the international medical community when China first notified the World Health Organization of a pneumonia outbreak of then-unknown etiology in Wuhan in December 2019. Since then, COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has appalled the world by spreading at a pandemic speed. Although ophthalmologists do not directly engage in the clinical care of COVID-19 patients, the ophthalmology community has become aware of the close ties between its practice and the pandemic. Not only are ophthalmologists at heightened risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure due to their physical proximity with patients in routine ophthalmic examinations, but SARS-CoV-2 possesses ocular tropism resulting in ocular complications beyond the respiratory tract after viral exposure. Furthermore, patients could potentially suffer from adverse ocular effects in the therapeutic process. This review summarized the latest literature to cover the ophthalmic manifestations, effects of treatments, and vaccinations on the eye to aid the frontline clinicians in providing effective ophthalmic care to COVID-19 patients as the pandemic continues to evolve.

Parabens, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan, and triclocarban are recognized endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs); and their occurrence in the environment has attracted increasing concern. Body size-dependent bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, trophic magnification, and maternal transfer of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparabens; 2-phenylphenol (PHP); BPA; triclosan; and triclocarban were investigated in freshwater fish of the Pearl River catchment, China. Most of the EDCs were detected in more than half of the biota samples, ranging from not detected to 6750 ng g lipid weight, with median concentrations of 5 to 72 ng g lipid weight. Livers generally contained the highest EDC levels (1609 ± 1860 ng g lipid wt, mean ± standard deviation), followed in decreasing order by eggs (842 ± 1317 ng g lipid wt), belly fats (488 ± 465 ng g lipid wt), and dorsal muscles (240 ± 239 ng g lipid wt) of the wildlife. Body size-dependent bioaccumulation of the EDCs was observed in the freshwater fish, which varied according to species, tissue, and compound. The concentrations of triclosan, PHP, and BPA usually showed decreasing trends, whereas parabens mostly demonstrated increasing tendency with increasing fish weights, indicating effects of growth dilution and bioaccumulation, respectively. Potential biomagnification was shown by triclosan with trophic magnification factors of 3.0, 4.3, and 4.0 in liver, belly fat, and dorsal muscle, respectively. In addition, the potential of maternal transfer in the fish was primarily revealed for methyl- and propylparabens, PHP, triclosan, and BPA. Presence of the EDCs in the freshwater organisms of the Pearl River catchment warrants more attention considering the potential of trophic magnification and maternal transfer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1811-1823. © 2018 SETAC.

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BackgroundChronic kidney disease patients have an increased prevalence of subclinical cerebrovascular diseases. Dialysis patients have severe vascular diseases burden. The cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD) are difficult to find by clinical assessment. The evaluation of CVSD needs MRI. Cognitive impairment is a consequence of CVSD which is diagnosed by cognitive testing. These limited the study of CVSD and cognitive function in dialysis patients. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are minority of dialysis population. We know even fewer about the CVSD in this special population.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 72 PD patients who received care at the Peking Union Medical College hospital peritoneal dialysis center. CSVD were assessed by brain MR images. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Chinese version of the MMSE and MoCA.ResultsIn our PD patients, the brain MRI showed the prevalence different signs of CSVD were: lacunar infarcts 38.9%, microbleeds 36.1%, abnormal brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) 48.6%, and intracerebral hemorrhage 4.2%. 25% and 86.8%of our patients could be diagnosed as cognitive impairment, according to the MMSE and MoCA test, respectively. nPCR was lower in patients with a lacunar infarct or intracerebral hemorrhage, and relative to the MMSA/MoCA score; hsCRP was higher in patients with lacunar infarct or abnormal WMHs and negative relative to the MMSA/MoCA score. In logistic regression analyses, nPCR was an independent risk factor for lacunar infarcts and impaired cognitive function. The presence of lacunar infarct was an independent risk factor for cognitive function decline.ConclusionWe demonstrated a high prevalence of CSVD and cognitive impairment in our PD patients. Lacunar infarct was the main kind of CVSD responsible for PD patients cognitive function decline. Our novel observation also revealed an association between malnutrition-inflammation and CSVD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-017-0777-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.