These results demonstrate that HGFs do not show LPS tolerance and suggest that this characteristic of HGFs sustains the inflammatory response in the presence of virulence factors.

No abstract

Many patients underwent "surgery-first" midface advancement, and visiting the orthodontic clinic at least before advancement was considered desirable. First-phase orthodontic treatment should be performed considering the burden of care. Midface advancement below the age of 6 years had a high risk of injury to the maxillary molars. This survey is considered useful for improving orthodontic treatment in team care of patients with SCS.

ABSTRACT. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms for caffeine-induced ocular hypertension, the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the outflow through the trabecular meshwork were measured in beagle dog eyes after dosing with intravenous caffeine (30 mg/kg) alone or in combination with the topical β-blocker befunolol [applied as 100 µl of a 1% (w/v) solution] which inhibits aqueous humor formation in the ciliary body. Intravenous injections of caffeine significantly increased the IOP at 0.25 and 1 hr after a single dose. The ocular hypertension recovered within 2 hr following dosing. Over time, there were no differences in the outflow between the caffeine and control groups. The instillation of befunolol lowered outflow and produced ocular hypotension. The levels of the IOP and outflow in dogs treated with caffeine and befunolol in combination were almost the same as those in dogs treated with befunolol alone. Single-dose and combination-dose studies demonstrate that intravenous caffeine increases the IOP in normal beagle dogs possibly by increasing aqueous humor formation and not by the inhibition of aqueous humor drainage through the trabecular meshwork. -KEY WORDS: aqueous humor outflow, caffeine, intraocular pressure.

ABSTRACT. The acute effects of aspirin on auditory functions were examined electrophysiologically in conscious rats with chronically implanted electrodes for auditory brainstem response (ABR) recording. A single intravenous injection of aspirin at a dose of 225 mg/kg caused a reduction in the amplitude of the ABR P1 wave evoked by a 2 kHz tone pip 1 and 24 hr after dosing at almost all sound intensity levels, while the P1 amplitude at 4 kHz was reduced mainly 1 hr after dosing, and the P1 amplitude at 8 kHz was not significantly affected at middle and high intensities even 1 hr after dosing. The audiogram obtained from the P1 amplitude showed a significant increase in the sound threshold 1 and 24 hr after dosing at 2 kHz, and 1 hr after dosing at 4 kHz, but not at 8 kHz. The peak latency of the P1 wave was also prolonged. Furthermore, reduction of the P2 and P4 wave amplitude and prolongation of the P1-P2 and P2-P4 interpeak latency were also observed at 2 kHz but not at 4 or 8 kHz. These results suggest that the rat auditory function for low frequency is vulnerable to the effects of aspirin. This paradigm, i.e., frequency selectivity, in rats may be useful to further assess the different outer hair cells along the cochlear duct and provide additional evidence for the mechanism(s) or site underlying aspirin ototoxicity. -KEY WORDS: ABR, aspirin, conscious rat, frequency selectivity.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(1): 9-15, 1997The mammalian cochlea performs a frequency analysis of airborne sound by processing different frequencies at different portions along the cochlear duct: high frequencies at the base and low frequencies at the apex. It has been reported that the hearing impairment induced by aspirin and salicylates in humans does not depend on the sound frequency [25], but others have claimed that higher frequencies are more susceptible to the effects of these drugs in humans and/or guinea pigs [8,10,22]. Boettcher and Salvi have reported that the results of the effects of aspirin on frequency selectivity are conflicting [3]. Most reports do agree that hearing loss and/or tinnitus are caused by these drugs. In almost all studies, the ototoxicity of aspirin and/or salicylate has been assessed in guinea pigs [8,11,27], monkeys [25,29] or cats [13,14,30], and little information is available on the effects of aspirin on the auditory function of rats. Recently it was indicated in rats that salicylate had a stronger effect on the otoacoustic emission distortion product for high and low frequencies with a clearly smaller effect for frequencies from the range of 6 to 8 kHz, and additionally, the loudness of salicylateinduced rat tinnitus was detected at moderate intensities corresponding to 62 dB SPL below 10 kHz by the behavioral response [18].If aspirin has a different effect at different OHCs along the cochlear duct in rats, aspirin's effect on the frequency selectivity may provide an additional approach to locating the mechanism or site of aspirin's action within the cochlea. In the present study, we examined the effects ...