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Toy Poodles with grade 4 MPL had significant femoral varus deformity, medial displacement of the tibial tuberosity, internal torsion of the proximal tibia, and hypoplasia of the patella.

The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of triple-phase helical computed tomography (CT) for differentiating canine hepatic masses. Seventy dogs with hepatic masses underwent triple-phase CT followed by surgical removal of the hepatic masses. Triple-phase helical CT scans for each dog included precontrast, arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed phase studies. The removed hepatic masses were histopathologically classified as hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 47), nodular hyperplasia (n = 14), and hepatic metastatic tumors (n = 9) in dogs. Of the 47 hepatocellular carcinomas, the most common CT findings included a heterogeneous pattern with hyper-, iso-, and hypoenhancement in both the arterial and portal venous phases (40/47, 85.1%). Of the 14 nodular hyperplasias, the most common CT findings were a homogeneous pattern with hyper- and isoenhancement in both the portal venous and delayed phases (13/14, 92.9%). Of nine hepatic metastatic tumors, the most common CT findings included a homogeneous hypoenhancement pattern in both the arterial and portal venous phases (8/9, 88.9%). In addition, 5 (55.6%) showed homogeneous hypoenhancement patterns in the delayed phase. Findings from our study indicated that triple-phase CT is a useful tool for preoperative differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic metastatic tumors in dogs.

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Summary Tumours of the head and neck were examined for gene amplification and expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by Southern blot and Western blot analyses. The EGF receptor gene was found to be amplified in four (19%) of 21 squamous cell carcinomas. The EGF receptor was overexpressed in eight (53%) of 15 squamous cell carcinomas examined, including all four tumours showing gene amplification. No amplification or overexpression of the EGF receptor gene was detected in any of nine malignant or eight benign tumours of other types of the head and neck. The tumours showing amplification and/or overexpression of the EGF receptor gene (8/15) were all identified histologically as well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, whereas none of the histologically less differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (0/9) showed amplification and/or overexpression of the EGF receptor gene. Within our sample set, no correlation was evident between amplification and/or overexpression and the clinical stage or tumour site. Our results support the possible involvement of gene amplification and overexpression of the EGF receptor in a subclass of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

ABSTRACT. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured in 6 dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation (MR) and 19 canine patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF). In dogs with experimental MR, ANP and BNP concentrations were significantly correlated with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (ANP; r=0.852, P=0.0004, BNP; r=0.832, P=0.0008). ANP level was shown to have a predominant effect on PCWP in comparison with BNP using multiple regression analysis. In canine patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic CHF, ANP and BNP concentrations were significantly different among the heart failure classes according to the New York Heart Association functional classification (ANP; P=0.0165, BNP; P=0.0005). In addition, ANP and BNP levels in dogs with decompensated heart failure (n=10) significantly increased in comparison with those in dogs with compensated heart failure (n=9). There was however no correlation between ANP and BNP levels in each heart failure class. In conclusion, plasma ANP and BNP levels may become predictors of PCWP and the severity of heart failure in dogs with MR, although further investigations on ANP and BNP levels in more clinical cases are required. -KEY WORDS: atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, canine, heart failure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61 (5): [523][524][525][526][527][528][529] 1999 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relationship between PCWP and plasma levels of ANP and BNP in dogs with experimental MRAnimals: Six healthy mongrel dogs, 5 males and 1 female, weighing between 6.5 and 12.0 kg, were used for the surgical creation of MR.Methods: Anesthesia was induced with sodium thiopental (25 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane (1.3%) and oxygen (1.0 l/min). A 5-Fr balloon catheter was introduced into a 6-Fr sheath placed in the jugular vein and advanced into the pulmonary artery. PCWP was recorded by a polygraph (Bedside Monitor BSM-8502; Nihon Kohden Co., Tokyo, Japan). A 6-Fr 28 cm-long sheath was introduced into the exposed carotid artery and placed into the LV. A bioptome was inserted into the long sheath, and the mitral valvular chordae tendineae was then cut by it to cause significant MR under transesophageal echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance, and the surgical site was closed. One week after the operation, a second operation was repeated similarly to the first operation. Postoperative antibiotic (ampicillin 20 mg/kg, PO, BID, for 3 days), and when needed, diuretic (furosemide 2.0-4.0 mg/kg, PO, BID) were given. Two weeks after the second operation, PCWP was recorded in each dog under the general anesthesia as mentioned above.Blood samples were collected from the dogs before the first operation and 2 weeks after the second operation. In addition, the clinical signs of heart failure and physical examination in the dogs with experimental MR were evaluated to be divided into the heart failure classes according to the New York Heart A...

ABSTRACT. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (pulsed TDI) has been demonstrated to be useful for the estimation of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions in various human cardiac diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between pulsed TDI and LV function by using cardiac catheterization in healthy dogs and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of pulsed TDI in dogs with spontaneous mitral regurgitation (MR). The peak early diastolic velocity (E'), peak atrial systolic velocity (A'), and peak systolic velocity (S') were detectable in the velocity profiles of the mitral annulus in all the dogs. In the healthy dogs, S' and E' were correlated with LV peak +dP/dt and -dP/dt, respectively. E' was lower in dogs with MR than in dogs without cardiac diseases. E/E' in the MR dogs with decompensated heart failure was significantly increased in comparison with those with compensated heart failure. The sensitivity and specificity of the E/E' cutoff value of 13.0 for identifying decompensated heart failure were 80% and 83%, respectively. In addition, E/E' was significantly correlated with the ratio of left atrial to aortic diameter. These findings suggest that canine pulsed TDI can be applied clinically for estimation of cardiac function and detection of cardiac decompensation and left atrial volume overload in dogs with MR. KEY WORDS: canine, cardiac function, echocardiography, mitral regurgitation, pulsed tissue Doppler.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(12): 1207-1215, 2005 Doppler echocardiography is a predominant noninvasive modality that provides a large variety of useful information on cardiac conditions in human and small animal patients. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (pulsed TDI) derived from Doppler echocardiography can quantify the velocity of myocardial wall and/or valve annulus motions [30,31,40]. In humans, pulsed TDI of the mitral annulus and myocardial wall has been demonstrated to reflect the systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function in normal subjects [30,45] and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) [22,46], hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [36,39,46], restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) [14,16,35], constrictive pericarditis [14,16,35], ischemic heart diseases [4,31,43,46], heart failure [1,24], mitral regurgitation (MR) [2,3,17], atrial fibrillation [29], arterial hypertension [13,46], and cardiac amyloidosis [20].Analysis of pulsed TDI revealed that the peak early diastolic velocity (E'), peak atrial systolic velocity (A'), and peak systolic velocity (S') are typically derived from the velocity profiles of myocardial or valve annulus motions (Fig. 1) [30]. Several studies have revealed that E' and A' are correlated with LV diastolic function [1,13,16,20,24,26,31,36,39,40,45], and S' is correlated with LV systolic function [17,20,22,29,30,43,46]. E' was almost independent of preload and showed no pseudonormal pattern in contrast to the peak early diastolic velocity of LV inflow (E) [5,24]. In addition, a ratio of E to E' (E/E') showed good correlation with pulmo...

CT angiography was well suited to provide anatomic details of porto-azygos shunts and comprehensively documented that all porto-azygos shunts had a thoracic terminus, after crossing the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus. Different shunt types existed with minor variations.