The structure of Cu/Cu2O multilayers fabricated by nonlinear electrochemical deposition has been tuned in two ways: electrochemically, by
alteration of the deposition current, and by in-situ illumination during deposition. By choosing the current the thickness of the layers can be
controlled, and by choosing the illumination power density the size of the particles forming the copper composite layer can be controlled.
These lead to significant changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties of Cu/Cu2O multilayers.
The process of nonlinear electrochemical deposition of Cu=Cu 2 O multilayers is studied in situ by optical techniques. It is shown that the reflectivity, being sensitive to the composition and structure of the multilayers, hides the presence of periodically repetitive layers. In contrast, second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensity reveals oscillations which follow the potential oscillations occurring during deposition. Both reflectivity and SHG intensity are described self-consistently by a generalized Maxwell-Garnett approximation.
The microemulsion phases of the Winsor system consisting of 47 wt% brine, 2 wt% sodium dodecylsulphate, 4 wt% butanol and 47 wt% toluene were investigated by means of 2H NMR relaxation on the surfactant which was specifically deuterated in the a-position. The measurements were obtained at 20°C for salinities varying from 3 to 10 g NaCI / 100 ml H20. From a simple relaxation model the transverse relaxation rates were transformed into sizes of (spherical) droplets, which were compared with the droplet sizes obtained from the sample compositions in the Winsor I and II regions. For the Winsor III region, the transverse relaxation rates could be rationalised in terms of a structural model based on a Present Addresses: #
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