ABSTRACT. Mental retardation and dementia characteristic of Down's syndrome (DS) have a complex pathogenesis. Golgi and immunohistochemical studies were done on DS patients and controls from foetuses and elderly adults. Golgi studies on the cerebral cortex revealed that the postsynaptic spines on the basal dendrites increase from neonate to 15 years of age and gradually decrease after 20 years in controls, but poorly increase in children and rapidly decrease in adults with DS. This deficient synaptogenesis and dendritic atrophy may be related to mental retardation. On the other hand, immunohistochem‐istry on proteins, whose genes are located on chromosome 21, revealed that c‐temiinal protein of beta‐amyloid appears in neurons of DS, S‐100‐positive glia increases in the hippocampus of neonates and adults, and membrane protein OK‐2 is expressed earlier and is more widespread in the DS brains. The overexpression and early appearance of gene products in DS brains may be related to the pathogenesis of or predisposition to mental disorders or to dendritic hypogenesis.

A combination of CO₂ laser therapy and artificial dermis application effectively treated the majority of plantar warts after one treatment, with complete and rapid clearance and no persistent pain. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.

A series of cationic salen-type Schiff base complexes of copper(II), the general formula of which is [Cu{R3N+–CH2–C6H3(O−)–CH=N–}2X]Br2 (R: CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9; X: C2H4, C3H6, C6H10, C6H4, C10H6), was newly prepared, and the molecular structure of complex 1 (R = CH3, X = C2H4) was determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. The binding mode and binding constants (Kb) of all the complexes with calf thymus DNA were investigated at an ionic strength of I = 0.05(NaCl + HEPES buffer, pH = 7.2) using induced CD and the UV-vis spectra. Those complexes with aliphatic X group selectively bound to the groove of DNA, and the Kb’s were in the range of 102—103 mol dm−3 (site size base pairs n = 7.2—7.4). However, those with aromatic X group selectivity intercalated to the base pairs, and the Kb’s were in the range of 104—105mol dm−3 (n = 2.8—4.0). These binding modes were confirmed based on the salt dependence of Kb’s. In addition, 1 and 10 (R = CH3, X = C6H4) were found to exhibit AT-sequence affinity from the induced CD spectra and Kb’s for poly(dA-dT)–poly(dA-dT), poly(dG-dC)–poly(dG-dC), and poly(dA-dC)–poly(dT-dG).

We describe a 62-year-old Japanese woman who had skin lesions involving her extremities, chest and back that showed spontaneous remission. The skin lesions consisted of slightly atrophic scars and crusted, reddish or necrotic papules. A tuberculin test showed induration and bulla, which was regarded as strongly positivity. Histopathologically, a tuberculoid granuloma with necrosis was present in the upper dermis and the deep dermis, including the adipose tissues. Bacterial cultures were not positive from sputum, urine or stool, and the chest X-P was also normal. After skin biopsy, all the lesions disappeared within 1 month. No relapse was noted in the entire body.

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