To examine the relationship between chronic periodontal disease (CPD) and erectile dysfunction (ED), the interview sheet including the CPD self-checklist (CPD score) and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was distributed to 300 adult men who received a comprehensive dental examination. Statistical analyses were performed by the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and other methods. Statistical significance was accepted at the level of P<0.05. The interview sheets were collected from 88 men (response rate 29.3%, 50.9 ± 16.6 years old). There was a statistically significant correlation between the CPD score and the presence of ED (P=0.0415). The results in the present study suggest that ED is related to the damage caused by endothelial dysfunction and the systematic inflammatory changes associated with CPD. The present study also suggests that dental health is important as a preventive medicine for ED.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is known to be an association between overactive bladder (OAB) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).The study investigates the association between OAB and IBS using an internet-based survey in Japan. It is the first to investigate the prevalence and severity of OAB in the general population using the OAB symptom score questionnaire.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between overactive bladder (OAB) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by using an internet-based survey in Japan.Subjects and MethodsQuestionnaires were sent via the internet to Japanese adults.The overactive bladder symptom score was used for screening OAB, and the Japanese version of the Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of IBS was used for screening this syndrome.ResultsThe overall prevalence of OAB and IBS was 9.3% and 21.2%, respectively.Among the subjects with OAB, 33.3% had concurrent IBS.The prevalence of OAB among men was 9.7% and among women it was 8.9%, while 18.6% of men and 23.9% of women had IBS.Concurrent IBS was noted in 32.0% of men and 34.8% of women with OAB.ConclusionTaking into account a high rate of concurrent IBS in patients with OAB, it seems to be important for physicians to assess the defaecation habits of patients when diagnosing and treating OAB.

Dutasteride can improve lower urinary tract symptoms by improving storage bladder function and relieving obstruction.

Mirabegron add-on treatment with tamsulosin has efficacy and safety because it improves storage symptom without impairment of bladder contractility during voiding in male patients with OAB.

Abbreviations & Acronyms BOO = bladder outlet obstruction CMG = continuous cystometrogram CYP = cyclophosphamide DRG = dorsal root ganglia EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetate EP = E-series prostaglandin EP1 = E-series prostaglandin 1 GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase IC = interstitial cystitis ICI = intercontraction interval i.t. = intrathecal NSB = non-specific binding OAB = overactive bladder PGE2 = prostaglandin E2 RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction TA = total activity Objectives: To investigate the effect of intrathecal administration of E-series prostaglandin 1 antagonist in cyclophosphamide-induced murine cystitis. Methods: Female Wistar rats were used for this experimental study. Intrathecal administration of E-series prostaglandin 1 antagonist (ONO-8711; 0.5, 5 and 50 mg) in sham controls and rats with cystitis induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg) was assessed by evaluating micturition pressure and intercontraction interval using a conscious-filling cystometry at 48 h after cyclophosphamide or saline injection. In both groups, prostaglandin E2 concentrations and the expression of E-series prostaglandin 1 receptor in the spinal cord were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: Rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis showed a shorter intercontraction interval compared with controls, where the cumulative intrathecal administration of ONO-8711 did not significantly change micturition pressure or intercontraction interval compared with the baseline. In rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, each dose of ONO-8711 significantly increased the intercontraction interval compared with the baseline (46% increase at 50 mg intrathecally). Polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of E-series prostaglandin 1 receptor in the spinal cord of both sham and cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis rats. In rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, PGE2 concentration in the dorsal horn of the L5-6 spinal cord was significantly higher than that in controls (3.55 Ϯ 1.24 vs 0.99 Ϯ 0.06 pg/mg tissue). Conclusions: In rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, urinary frequency seems to be caused by prostaglandin E2 acting on E-series prostaglandin 1 receptor at the level of the spinal cord. Blockade of the spinal E-series prostaglandin 1 receptor by ONO-8711 might have a therapeutic potential in the control of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.