Substance flow analysis (SFA) of indium has been conducted in this study. The purpose of this study is to identify the relevant issues for the development of an efficient indium recycling system by performing SFA of indium supplied for indium-tin oxide (ITO) processing as transparent electrodes, which accounts for 86.9% of the total indium demand. In this study, as part of the development of substance and material flow data, (1) data on the flow of indium was collected and reviewed, (2) the amount of dissipated indium associated with the production of flat-panel displays (FPDs) were estimated and (3) its environmental impact was also assessed.The major conclusions are (a) 470 t-In is used in ITO for transparent electrodes, out of which 220 t-In is dissipated or potentially dissipated in Japan, and (b) 220 t-In of dissipated indium is equivalent to 11.4 TJ of energy consumption, 0:5 Â 10 3 t of CO 2 emissions, and 1:0 Â 10 6 t of Total Materials Requirement (TMR).
Substance flow analysis (SFA) of indium has been conducted in this study. The purpose of this study is to identify the relevant issues for the development of an efficient indium recycling system by performing SFA of indium supplied for ITO processing as transparent electrodes, which accounts for 86.9 of the total indium demand. In this study, as part of the development of substance and material flow data, (1) data on the flow of indium was collected and reviewed, (2) the amount of dissipated indium associated with the production of flat panel displays (FPDs) were estimated and (3) its environmental impact was also assessed.The major conclusions are (a) 470 t In is used in ITO for transparent electrodes, out of which 220 t In is dissipated or potentially dissipated in Japan, and (b) 220 t In of dissipated indium is equivalent to 11.4 TJ of energy consumption, 0.5×10 3 t of CO 2 emissions, and 1.0×10 6 t of Total Materials Requirement (TMR).
Various low toxicity substances are contained in the high functional electronic products in recent years. Although there is a little quantity of low toxicity substances in each electronic product, total amount of them has been increasing by the mass production of electronic products. This means they tends to diffuse into environment and it also results in the loss of valuable metals.In this work, a substance flow analysis (SFA) on low toxicity substances in used cellular phones as a typical example of high functional electronic commodity was carried out based on the actual condition of disposal which was acquired by the questionnaire applied to users and composition of cellular phone analyzed by ICP and EPMA. The amount of some scattered low toxicity substances has been estimated. It was pointed out that establishment of the recycling system of cellular phones including used ones stored by users is very important in the view point of the avoidance of low toxicity substance diffusion and recovery of valuable elements.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.