Corrosion of titanium is the major concern when it is used for dental treatment. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the microbiologically induced corrosive properties of titanium. An experimental well was made of polymethyl methacrylate with pure titanium at the bottom. Viable or killed cells of Streptococcus mutans were packed into the well, and pH at the bacteria-titanium interface was monitored with and without glucose. Before and after 90-minute incubation, the electrochemical behavior on the titanium surface was measured by means of a potentiostat. The oxygen concentration under bacterial cells was monitored with oxygen-sensitive fluorescent film. The amount of titanium eluted was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The corrosion current and passive current under killed cells were low and stable during 90 min, while those under viable cells increased, regardless of the glucose-induced pH fall. The polarization resistance and oxygen concentration under killed cells were high and stable, while those under viable cells decreased. No elution of titanium was detected. Viable bacterial cells may form 'oxygen concentration cells' through metabolism-coupled oxygen consumption and subsequently induce corrosive properties of the titanium surface.
Oral Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium longum, are known to be isolated together with mutans streptococci and lactobacilli from caries lesions, suggesting that these Bifidobacteriaceae are caries associated and acid resistant. This study aimed to investigate effects of acidification on B. dentium and B. longum, and to compare them with those on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus paracasei. Effects of acidification, growth ability in a complex medium at a pH of 4.0–8.0, cell viability in 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid monohydrate (MES)-KOH buffer at pH 4.0, as well as stability of intracellular pH (pHin) at an extracellular pH of 3.5–8.0 estimated using a fluorescent dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester in MES-KOH, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid-KOH or N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine-KOH buffer, were investigated. B. longum grew as well as Streptococcus strains over a wide pH range, whereas B. dentium grew best in the narrow pH range around neutral. The cell viability of B. dentium decreased significantly after 2 h of acidification at a pH of 4.0, but this was significantly less than that of the Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species, whereas B. longum maintained almost 100% viability. The pHin was close to the extracellular pH at pH of 5.5–7.5 in the Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus strains, while at a pH of <5.0, the pHin was higher than the extracellular pH in all the strains, but the pHin maintenance ability of Bifidobacterium strains was higher than that of the Streptococcus strains. The high survival rate and pHin maintenance ability of bifidobacteria comparable to that of S. mutans in the acidic environment may account for why bifidobacteria exist as stable species in acidic caries lesions together with mutans streptococci.
The antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) is a strong bactericide when unpolymerized and has the potential to be utilized in various resinous biomaterials. To analyze the antibacterial characteristics of this monomer in detail, the ability of high concentrations of unpolymerized MDPB to kill Streptococcus mutans in planktonic or biofilm forms within a short time-period of contact, and the inhibitory effects of low concentrations of MDPB on the metabolic function of S. mutans, were examined. High concentrations of MDPB showed effective killing of planktonic and biofilm S. mutans cells within 60 s, and complete killing was obtained by contact with 1,000 μg ml(-1) of MDPB for 60 s. At a concentration of 4-8 μg ml(-1) , MDPB demonstrated growth inhibition, inducing elongation of the lag phase and of the doubling time, when the bacterial number was low. Inhibition of the production of acid from S. mutans by 8 μg ml(-1) of MDPB may have been caused by the inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity. At high concentrations, MDPB is lethal to both planktonic and biofilm forms of S. mutans in a short time-period, and at low concentrations, MDPB inhibits metabolic enzymatic activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.