EHEC O157:H7 clade 6 strains harboring stx2a and/or stx2c and clade 8 strains harboring stx2a or stx2a/stx2c were frequently associated with childhood HUS cases in Japan. Rapid and specific detection of such lineages are required for infection control measures.
Upon heating the as-prepared H 2 Ti 3 O 7 sample, single-phase samples of H 2 Ti 6 O 13 , H 2 Ti 12 O 25 and TiO 2 (B) were prepared with different heating conditions; at 120 C for 48 h in a vacuum of 20 Pa for H 2 Ti 6 O 13 , at 260 C for 5 h in air for H 2 Ti 12 O 25 , and at 350 C for 5 h in air for TiO 2 (B). The chemical compositions of these compounds were determined by the DTA-TG and ICP analyses. The coordination environments around hydrogen atoms in these compounds were examined by using FTIR and 1 H-MAS-NMR data. The reversible Li insertion and extraction reactions around 1.5-1.6 V with initial intercalation capacities of 283 and 236 mAh g À1 , were observed for H 2 Ti 6 O 13 and H 2 Ti 12 O 25 , respectively. The structural changes upon cycling were clarified for H 2 Ti 3 O 7 and TiO 2 (B). Among the four compounds, H 2 Ti 12 O 25 showed superior cycling performance with the discharge capacity retention rate of 96% after 50 cycles. H 2 Ti 12 O 25 is suggested to be one of the promising high-voltage oxide negative electrodes in advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe invasive infection characterized by the sudden onset of shock, multi-organ failure, and high mortality. In Japan, appropriate notification measures based on the Infectious Disease Control law are mandatory for cases of STSS caused by β-haemolytic streptococcus. STSS is mainly caused by group A streptococcus (GAS). Although an average of 60-70 cases of GAS-induced STSS are reported annually, 143 cases were recorded in 2011. To determine the reason behind this marked increase, we characterized the emm genotype of 249 GAS isolates from STSS patients in Japan from 2010 to 2012 and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The predominant genotype was found to be emm1, followed by emm89, emm12, emm28, emm3, and emm90. These six genotypes constituted more than 90% of the STSS isolates. The number of emm1, emm89, emm12, and emm28 isolates increased concomitantly with the increase in the total number of STSS cases. In particular, the number of mefA-positive emm1 isolates has escalated since 2011. Thus, the increase in the incidence of STSS can be attributed to an increase in the number of cases associated with specific genotypes.
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