We report on an 80-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Five years after the onset of RA, the CML diagnosis was made. The patient was treated for CML with 300 mg of imatinib mesylate (STI; signal transduction inhibitor 571) for 8 weeks. Laboratory tests showed that the C-reactive protein level, percentage of cells exhibiting the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1), WBC count, and Lansbury index for RA all dropped respectively from 7.5 mg/dl to 1.0 mg/dl, 74.9% to 1%, 25, 100/microl to 9900/microl, and 51% to 14%. Administration of imatinib mesylate is felt to be effective in treating not only CML but also RA in the active stage.

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Adjuvant therapy with imatinib at 400 mg/day for 1 year is well tolerated by Japanese patients and possibly reduces the risk of early recurrence of high-risk GISTs.

Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy plus postoperative chemotherapy is the standard treatment for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan. However, the prognosis of patients with serosa-positive tumors remains unsatisfactory because of peritoneal recurrence. This study aimed to investigate the validity of neoadjuvant therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Thirty patients with locally advanced gastric cancer underwent neoadjuvant DCS therapy at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between June 2013 and October 2015. Gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy were performed after two cycles of preoperative DCS therapy. The clinical responses of the primary gastric tumors based on endoscopic findings were partial response in 17 patients (57%) and stable disease in 13 patients (43%). Analysis of pathological response in the primary gastric lesions showed grade 1a in five patients (17%), grade 1b in nine patients (30%), grade 2 in 11 patients (37%), and grade 3 in five patients (17%). Twenty-four patients (80%) remained alive after a median follow-up period of 31 months. The 2- and 3-year overall survival rates in all patients were 89 and 70%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rate in pathological responders (grade 1b-3) was 96%, compared with 50% in pathological non-responders (grade 1a) (P = 0.00187). Pathological responders had a significantly higher survival rate than non-responders. These results indicate that neoadjuvant DCS therapy may improve the prognosis in patients with serosa-positive locally advanced gastric cancer.

Numerous types of cancer exhibit increased lipogenesis and expression of lipogenic enzymes and transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1. Lipogenic gene expression is upregulated at the mRNA level, in concert with metabolic pathways associated with changes in expression and/or activity of lipogenic transcription factors. However, this expression pattern in human gastric carcinoma has not been elucidated. In this study, lipogenic gene expression in cancer tissues was investigated using quantitative PCR. In patients with gastric cancer, carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase type I mRNA and miR-33b were significantly downregulated, suggesting that miR-33b downregulation is mediated by conditions that also affect the expression and/or activity of transcription factors involved in lipogenic gene expression. Consequently, the association between miR-33b and gastric cancer may provide a novel strategy for the genetic diagnosis of gastric cancer. However, additional studies including a larger number of samples are required to confirm these results.

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BJI is as safe as BI, but is better in terms of improvement in bile reflux and food intake without stasis. This procedure, therefore, appears to be a useful method for reconstruction after distal gastrectomy.