Background: Nephrotic syndrome frequently have abnormalities in calcium metabolism that manifest as hypocalcaemia. The serum ionized calcium level depends on the severity and duration of proteinuria.
Methods:The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum albumin level and ionized calcium in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. An analytic study with cross sectional comparative design was applied to nephrotic syndrome and healthy children between 2-8 years old in the Department of Pediatric Nephrlology, Comilla Medical College Hospital. A total of 120 subjects were recruited, 60 nephrotic syndrome as cases and 60 healthy children as controls. The mean serum albumin and serum ionized calcium levels of cases and controls were estimated respectively. Pearson's correlation test was done to see the correlation.
Results:Mean serum albumin level of cases and controls were 1.98±0.38 g/dl and 4.57±0.25 g/dl, respectively (p<.001) and mean serum ionized calcium of cases and controls were 1.13±0.08 mmol/L and 2.34±0.05 mmol/L respectively (p<.001). Pearson's correlation test between serum albumin and serum ionized calcium level of cases were significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion:There was a positive correlation between serum albumin level and ionized calcium in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, that is lower the serum albumin level, the lower will be the serum ionized calcium and higher the albumin level, higher will be calcium level.
This paper examines the impact of migrant networks on the labour market trajectories of Bangladeshis in Italy. The survey had two stages and two main methodological tools, firstly, a household questionnaire was administrated among a sample of households at the origin and secondly, socioeconomic information was collected on all of their destination. A three-stage probabilistic sampling design was applied. Findings reveal a heterogeneous pictures, such as the likelihood of employment in the first year abroad and found that migrant networks reduce the probability to be employed. In addition, only close family members have effect on the likelihood to work; extended kinship and friendship have no influence on employment probability at arrival. Indeed, immediate family members are presumably more likely to take in charge and put up the newly arrived migrant, a burden that may weigh too heavily on weaker ties. Moreover, findings from the models on the type of first occupation suggest that jobs found later are more likely to be semiskilled or skilled. On the other hand, extended kinship and friendship ties prior to migration as well as pre-established male networks appeared positively correlated with the likelihood to work in the current year of the migration spell. Finally, pre-migration ties in Italy lead to the perpetuation of the pre-existent ethnic niche developed by the Bangladeshi in small trade activities of a rather precarious nature. Of course, the structure of the labour market at destination and the historical links between countries are probably, in their turn, responsible for these dynamics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.