Thisrtud~eumined~orrculturaldi&rencsr in cxpluutionr for the c a m of youtb quatiom were d y r s d wing an attribution theory frmcwork. British children tended to we personal nplrnrtionr of youth aime (75%), in oompuiron, N~~u~u I childnn tended to UIC ntuatid cxpluutionr of youth aimC (61%). Tbm w u a nide Wiety of rapollla within b a e broad categories, the most frequently occunhg verbatim rapona for British 12-yar olda were "for fun" (19.2%) and "baause they M bored" (ZaO%) for the British 14-yar 016. For Nigerian 12-yar d6 the mob frequdy d g verbatim rapom mre "no home trrininp" (27.4%) and "they are poor" (17.0%) for tbe N i i 14-year oldr The raultc indiatc that Britirh children tend to blame the individual for youth crime w h m u N i i children tend to blrms otha person, (mostly tbe M y ) d tbe environamt (economic factors). The 6ndinp rrypsd youth aime is important to discunionr of tbe natwc of lay thsoria and tbeir poaibk applicrtiool. Impliationr md futun nrevch direction, M dimmad. ahrre m n g British and N i -12-d 14-ye^ 01dr Rapom to opmcaded that an ioaeued padartrndineof the dturrl dirmity in children'r lay tbsoria of INTRODUCI'ION Various explanations for juvenile crime exist in acadcmic literature, but as Hollin and Howells (1987) argue, views about crime go beyond academic theories into public opinion and lay theories. T h m is a substantial amount of literature on adult lay theories of juvenile crime (e.g., Banks et d., 1975; Furnham and Henderson, 1983; Hollin and Howells, 1987) emphasising differences between various sectors of the population, including political affiliation (Furnham and Henderson, Author for Corrsrpoodena. 21

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the effect of high sucrose diet on male reproductive function and if Nigerian honey could exert a protective role. Methods: Twenty-four (24) rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of six animals and given water (control); honey (H); high sucrose solution (30%w/v) (HSS); and both high sucrose solution (30%w/v) and honey (HSS+H). Each rat on honey received a daily dose of 10ml honey/kg/5ml of distilled water. Food intake, body weight, organ weight, fasting blood glucose, LH, FSH, testosterone and sperm functions were assessed. Results: This revealed that sperm motility (p<0.05) and count increased in the HSS+ H and H- fed rats compared with HSS fed and control rats. Head and tail abnormalities sperm were also significantly reduced in the H fed rats (p<0.05).MDA level in the liver and not in the testes was significantly increased in the HSS fed rats compared with control while SOD activity was significantly increased in HSS+H rats compared with the HSS fed rats. Conclusion: The results indicate that sucrose feeding impact negatively on sperm function while Nigerian honey supplementation confers protective function on male reproduction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18301 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.180-189

These data indicate that TD attenuates glucose intolerance under diabetic conditions and is equally associated with a considerable reduction in oxidative stress, which implies that testosterone may be a pro-oxidant.

The reproductive capacity of the male rat is higher than that of man therefore, the decrease in sperm quality observed in the HSS-fed rats may be enough to alter fertility among male humans, thus contributing to the alarming incidence of male infertility. Nigerian honey conversely is an alternative sweetener and exhibits protective function against reproductive dysfunction via HS-feeding.

No abstract

Several epidemiological evidence indicate that consumption of coffee is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, there is dearth of experimental data to support these observations. Given that associations do not necessarily infer causality; the present study investigate the impact of coffee (300 mg/kg BW) by oral gavage on normal and high sucrose-diet (HSD) fed (30 % w/v) rats. HSD rats were insulin resistant and had significantly elevated levels of insulin, MDA, triglyceride, LDL while HDL level, SOD and GSH activities were significantly reduced. In contrast, coffee consumption significantly up-regulate glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, HDL level, SOD and GSH activities while MDA, triglyceride, LDL levels were reduced. These findings suggest that coffee attenuates glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity, lipid disorders, peroxidation and oxidative stress in sucrose-induced insulin resistant rat.Coffee is probably the most frequently ingested beverage worldwide. The numerous beneficial health effects of coffee consumption have received considerable scientific attention (Ranheim and Halvorsen, 2005). Epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of coffee is consistently associated with a lower risk of T2DM (Bidel et al 2006). Since associations do not necessarily infer causality; experimental study using a representative diabetic animal model is importantly meaningful. A small number of these studies have been performed (Yamacuchi et al, 2010; Matsuda et al, 2011). No report of its effects on diet-induced diabetic model and diabeticinduced oxidative stress. In the present study, we employed sucrose-induced diabetic rats to investigate the effects of coffee on glucose regulation, T2DM, and its antioxidant potential under diabetic condition.Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150g) were used.• Group 1: normal diet (ND).• Group 2: ND supplemented with coffee, 300mg/kg BW (ND+COF).• Group 3: high sucrose-diet (HSD).• Group 4: HSD supplemented with coffee, 300mg/kg BW (HSD+COF).