Objective The purpose of this study was to report the preliminary results of a novel micropulse transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCP) as primary therapy for glaucomatous dogs. Animal Studied Client owned dogs undergoing MP‐TSCP therapy at a veterinary referral center. Procedure Retrospective study of dogs with glaucoma that were treated with MP‐TSCP with a minimum of 1 month (range: 1‐18 months) of follow‐up. Reported outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP), treatment parameters, reduction in medications, complications, and incidence of repeat therapy. Results Thirty dogs (35 eyes) were evaluated. The mean age was 9.0 years. Mean preoperative IOP was 34.5 mm Hg. Mean postoperative IOP at 1 month (35/35 eyes) was 22 mm Hg, 2 months (26/35 eyes) was 20.5 mm Hg, 4 months (20/35 eyes) was 19 mm Hg, 6 months (10/35 eyes) was 19 mm Hg, 12 months (8/35 eyes) was 21 mm Hg. First treatment success rate was 19/35 eyes (54.3%). Repeat laser was performed in 11 eyes with 4/11 eyes responding favorably for a total IOP control of 23/35 eyes (65.7%). Mean energy levels employed were 137.5 seconds and 2351 mW at 31.3% duty cycle. Reduction in medications was from a mean of 3.6 medications preoperatively to 3.1 medications postoperatively. Complications included corneal ulcers 5/35 eyes (14.3%), uncontrolled IOP in 12/35 eyes (34.3%) and repeat treatment in 11/35 eyes (31.4%). Conclusions MP‐TSCP was successful in controlling IOP in most patients as well as to reduce postoperative medications with minimal resultant intraocular inflammation and complications. The micropulse procedure also can be repeated. Future investigations to study effective treatment parameters are warranted in a larger series of patients over a longer period of evaluation.

ObjectiveTo describe ocular surface complications following micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCPC) in dogs.Animals studiedEighteen dogs treated with MP‐TSCPC at two institutions for glaucoma management.ProceduresMP‐TSCPC was applied to each eye (avoiding 3 and 9 o'clock positions) with 31.3% duty cycle, 2000‐3000 mW energy, and 90‐180 seconds duration per hemisphere. Central corneal tactile sensation (CTS) and Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1) were measured at baseline and ≥2 post‐operative visits in each dog.ResultsCorneal sensitivity decreased in 16/18 dogs (89%) by an average of 10%‐42% (up to 100% in 4 dogs). CTS decline was rapid (≤1 week) and only fully recovered in 50% of dogs within 8‐180 days. Patients' age, glaucoma duration, laser energy, and total energy delivered did not affect CTS at any visit. However, brachycephalic dogs had significantly lower CTS and likelihood to recover full sensation compared with nonbrachycephalic dogs. Aqueous tear deficiency (STT‐1 < 15 mm/min) occurred in 8/18 dogs (44%) within 7‐270 days, and concurrent signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca were noted in 2/18 dogs (11%). Neurotrophic corneal ulcers developed in 6/18 dogs (33.3%) and required 16‐53 days to heal.ConclusionsCorneal hypoesthesia is a common complication of MP‐TSCPC in dogs, and can lead to serious adverse effects such as aqueous tear deficiency and neurotrophic corneal ulcers. Brachycephalic dogs represent a population at higher risk. Close monitoring of ocular surface health is recommended for months following MP‐TSCPC in dogs.

Objective: To compare complication rates and visual outcomes following phacoemulsification in Pugs versus dogs of other breeds. Animals studied: Thirty-two pure-bred Pugs (55 eyes) and 32 dogs of other breeds (56 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification. Procedures: Multi-institutional retrospective medical record review of perioperative factors, postoperative complications, and visual outcomes. The reference population of dogs of varying breeds included surgical cases following each Pug case at the same institutions. Perioperative risk factors and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two populations.Results: Pigmentary keratitis and diabetes mellitus were the most common preoperative comorbidities, found in 75% (P < .001) and 72% (P = .12) of Pugs, respectively.No perioperative factors were significantly associated with postoperative complications in Pugs. Postoperative complication rates were similar between groups; however, the most common complication in Pugs was corneal ulceration (15% of operated eyes), whereas glaucoma was most common in the reference population (13% of operated eyes). Three months postoperatively, vision was preserved in 91% of eyes of Pugs (50/55) and 95% of the reference population (53/56). One year postoperatively, 80% (32/40) of Pug eyes and 82% (28/34) of eyes in the reference population remained sighted. Conclusions: Comorbidities and complications of cataract surgery in Pugs of this study demonstrate a predisposition for corneal disease. This highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation of factors associated with PK and corneal clarity, and postoperative monitoring for corneal ulceration in this breed.

KaiHaiDragon and OneinaGillian are two bacteriophages which have been recovered from soil samples using the bacterial host Microbacterium foliorum. Their genome lengths are 52,992 bp and 61,703 bp, with 91 and 104 predicted open reading frames, respectively.

Objective To report the long‐term (>1 year) outcome of MicroPulse transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCP) in dogs. Animals Studied Client owned dogs that underwent MP‐TSCP at a veterinary referral center. Procedure Retrospective study of 19 dogs treated with MP‐TSCP. Dogs were evaluated at a median follow‐up time of 30.5 months postoperatively. Reported outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP), retention or loss of vision, number of medications, and additional procedures performed. Variables associated with time to treatment failure were evaluated. Results Data from 19 dogs (24 eyes) was available. Median laser settings employed were 140 s and 2200 mW at 31.3% duty cycle. Long‐term postoperative IOP was lower than preoperative IOP values (14 mmHg (IQR = 22 mmHg, range: 4–52 mmHg) versus 30 mmHg (IQR = 31 mmHg, range: 8–62 mmHg), respectively). Laser settings >2000 mW were associated with a significantly longer time to reported failure. MP‐TSCP was the sole therapy performed in 16/24 eyes resulting in long‐term IOP control in 13/24 eyes and retention of vision in 6 of the 14 sighted eyes. Repeat MP‐TSCP was performed in 10/24 eyes. Eight of 24 eyes required additional procedures with long‐term IOP control in 4/8 eyes. Conclusions MicroPulse transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation can be an effective treatment for refractory glaucoma in select cases. Higher laser settings increased time to reported failure, whereas age, glaucoma type, and preoperative IOP did not affect survival. MP‐TSCP as sole therapy or coupled with additional glaucoma procedures controlled the IOP in 70% of cases.