Background: One of the most problems that face the health workers in addiction units is the relapse of addict patient after a period of treatment. No studies are conducted about the addiction relapse in Iraq.Aims of study: The current study aims to assess the causative factors affecting the substance abuse-related relapse. And find out the relationship between the demographic characteristics and the cause of relapse.Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted from November 15th 2015 to April 15th 2016 on addict patient in Baghdad City. Purposive (non-probability) samples of 65 relapsed addicts who are inpatient in Ibn-Rushd Psychiatric Teaching Hospital and the Psychiatric unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital who had undergone treatment for substance dependency and they had at least one episode of relapse during the period of addiction. The study uses the self-administrated questionnaire. The data has been analyzed by using the descriptive statistics (Frequencies, Percentages, Means and Standard Deviations (SD)) and the inferential statistics (Chi-square to find out the relationships between the causes of the relapse and the socio-demographic characteristics of addicts).Results: the findings of the current study revealed that all relapsed patients are males with age ranged from 18 years to more than 50 years. The age of onset of substance abuse ranged from 9 years to more than 29 years. Most of addict patients were relapsed during the first six months after treatment. The highest percentage of the addict patients was addicted to alcohol. The results indicated that the main causes of relapse were the feeling of urgent desire for abuse, the availability of the substance and lack of knowledge about the risk to return to addiction and the tension of family relations. There is no significant relationship between the age and occupation of addict patients and the cause of relapse. There is a significant relationship between monthly income and cause of relapse.Conclusions: the study concluded that the feeling of urgent desire for abuse, the availability of the substance, lack of knowledge about the risk to return to addiction and the tension of family relations are the main cause of relapse. There is a significant relationship between monthly income and cause of relapse. There is no significant relationship between the age and occupation of addict patients and the cause of relapse.Recommendations: the study recommended that the treatment programs should be focusing on teaching the clients how to cope with the relapse and control the feeling of craving for substance abuse.
Objectives: The study aims to assess the QOL for parents of a child with autism Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on parents of autistic child in Baghdad city. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (156) parents, (78) mothers and (78) fathers of (78) autistic children who are clients and receive care in the private specialization centers for autism were selected to participated in the current study. The study used a self- administrative questionnaire for data collection. Results: The findings indicated that both parents (mothers and fathers) were participated in this study, and they comprised an equal number (78). Both parents reported a moderate level of QOL. Mothers were reported a lowest levels of psychological well-being, physical well-being and environmental comfort than fathers. There is a significant difference between mothers and fathers in psychological and physical domains of QOL level. Recommendations: Parents with autistic child especially mothers need more attention and support in all aspects of their lives that have been correlated with their QOL. Keywords: Quality of Life, Parents, Child, Autism.
Background: Surgery was suggested as a major life change that negatively affects the patient’s recovery and post-operative pain.Objectives: The study aims to assess the preoperative anxiety levels among surgical patients, to determine the fears related to surgery and to find out the relationships between some variables; age, sex, marital status, educational level and experience of previous surgery and level of anxiety.Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted on patients undergoing surgery under a general anesthesia in general surgery unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 1st August 2018 to 30th May 2019.Results: the current study indicated that all patients 80 (100%) were experience a preoperative anxiety in different levels; 36.2% of them had a high level of anxiety, 32.5% had a moderate level of anxiety and (31.2%) had a low level of anxiety. The main source of patients’ fears was; fear of death (51.2%), post-operative wound pain (48.8%), and fear of post-operative nausea and vomiting (47.5%) There was a significant relationship between age and level of anxiety. No difference in level of anxiety in respect to gender and previous surgery.
Background: Autistic disorder is a neurological disorder that causes a broad area of behavior impairments in children, including: hyperactivity, short attention span, impulsivity, aggressiveness, self – injurious behavior, tempers tantrum and abnormalities of eating or sleeping may be found. There is an increased rates of autism reached to 10-17% per year. It is the fastest-growing serious developmental disability in the worldwide over the past decades. Objective: The study aims to assess the autistic child behavior. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was conducted in Jun 15th 2013 to October 15th 2013 on children with autism in Baghdad city. Purposive (non-probability) samples of 78 autistic children who are clients and receive care in the private specialization centers for autism were selected to participate in the current study. The study uses a parent-completed questionnaire for data collection. The behavior of autistic child was assessed using the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA). Results: The findings indicated that most children were males of 4-12 years old with mean 5.78 years. The highest percentage of children reported a moderate level of the impairment in social interaction, behavioral pattern problems, sensory responses abnormalities and lack of emotional responses. And the highest percentage of children reported a mild level in communication difficulties and delay in cognition and perceptual functioning. Half of children reported a moderate level of the total score of behavioral problems for all domains. Conclusions: All autistic children displayed the same behavioral disorders with different levels of severity. There is no significant relationship between the severity of autistic behavior and the child’s age and the child’s sex. Recommendations: The study recommends that Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs policy should give the autistic children support and high quality of services to help them to coping with this disorder. Those children need for special rehabilitative and behavioral programs dealing with their behavioral problems.
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