Objective(s):To assess knowledge of primary school teachers' about the stuttering of school-age children at first al-karkh education directorate in Baghdad city, and find out the relationships between primary school teachers' knowledge and their demographic characteristics. Methodology:The study started from the period of 20 th September 2018 to the 1 st of March 2020. Probability samples of 370 primary school teachers were chosen randomly. The questionnaire was designed and composed of two parts: the first part deals with the teachers' demographic data; the second part includes a stuttering knowledge scale. Determined reliability of the questionnaire through a pilot study and determined validity through a panel of ( 31) experts. The data was collected through the self-administration method was used by asking the participants to complete the format of the questionnaire and fulfill the questions, and it described statistically and analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. Results:The findings of the present study indicate that (53.5%) of the study sample have poor knowledge about stuttering of school-age children, and the no-significant relationship between teachers' demographical characteristics and their knowledge about stuttering. Conclusions:The study concludes that most of the teachers' had poor knowledge about the stuttering of school-age children, and there are no effects of socio-demographic characteristics of teachers' on their knowledge about stuttering. Recommendations:The study recommended an education program for primary school teachers about stuttering to improving their knowledge about stuttering in the school environment.
Objectives: to assess school violence patterns toward the intermediate schools‟ students and to determine the effect of school violence on the psychological status of the students. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at intermediate schools in Baghdad. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a mean for data collection. It composed of three parts: part 1 represented the sample characteristics; part 2 concerned with the violence behavior, it was constructed by the researchers to achieve the study objectives; and part 3 included 2 scales (GHQ-12 and self-esteem scales), it concerned with the psychological status of the students. A random sample of 600 intermediate school’s students was selected of different Baghdad districts‟ schools through a formal steps of administrative arrangements. The researcher visited and interviewed the sample at their schools to distribute the questionnaire for them to collect the required data. Data was analyzed by using the descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations and inferential statistics like Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Results revealed that there were a significant negative relationship between violence of teachers toward school students and the psychological wellbeing and self-esteem levels of the students (r= - 0.194, r= - 0.291 respectively) at p <0.01. Conclusions: The study concluded that intermediate schools‟ students (males and females) face different types of physical and psychological violence of their teachers that have a significant effect on their psychological status. Recommendations: The study recommended that antiviolence awareness workshops should be implemented to stop and prevent violence behaviors by teachers toward student and further similar studies on a nationwide should be carried out to assess the prevalence of school violence behavior and its effects on the student's psychological wellbeing.
Objectives: The study aims to assess the QOL for parents of a child with autism Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on parents of autistic child in Baghdad city. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (156) parents, (78) mothers and (78) fathers of (78) autistic children who are clients and receive care in the private specialization centers for autism were selected to participated in the current study. The study used a self- administrative questionnaire for data collection. Results: The findings indicated that both parents (mothers and fathers) were participated in this study, and they comprised an equal number (78). Both parents reported a moderate level of QOL. Mothers were reported a lowest levels of psychological well-being, physical well-being and environmental comfort than fathers. There is a significant difference between mothers and fathers in psychological and physical domains of QOL level. Recommendations: Parents with autistic child especially mothers need more attention and support in all aspects of their lives that have been correlated with their QOL. Keywords: Quality of Life, Parents, Child, Autism.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out on Non-probability (purposive) sample of 362 students in primary schools accurately 5 TH and 6 TH grade diagnosed as victims by the administers and teachers of a sample of 34 primary schools were selected systemic randomly from a total 160 schools at Al Nasiriya City Center in Thi-Qar Governorate. Results The results of the current study appeared that more than half of the study sample (57%) are males, and the highest percentages(26.5%)and (34.8%) of the sample was between the ages of 11 and 12 years respectively, and more victims were in the fifth grade where their proportion was (59%), while the sixth grade was (41%) of the study sample, and that most of victims(58.6%) was arrange in the family between (2 nd-5 th), and the largest percentage of responses to the paragraphs of victims scale that they were being bullied strongly for most of the items of the scale and their proportion was (59.9%) while the remaining of the study sample responses to the items of the scale that they were exposed to bullying weakly and their proportion was 40.1%. Conclusions : There is strong level of bullying against primary school students , student's demographic data have affect on there to be victims of school bullying. Recommendations: The present study recommends using some global intervention programs that confirmed its effectiveness in addressing the phenomenon to prevent and combat bullying, and activating the role of the student advisor and social worker to work with the administration, teachers, students and parents to deal with school bullying .
Objective(s): The aim of this study is to assess the impact of social phobia upon self-esteem of nursingcollegians.Methodology: A Cross-sectional study is carried out at University of Baghdad, Karkuk, Thi-Qar, and Kufa,colleges of nursing from Feb 8th, 2011 to Sep. 25th, 2011. A sample of all first class nursing collegians (N=330)were selected from a probability sample of nursing colleges by dividing Iraq to three geographical areas (South,North, and Middle Euphrates) in addition to Baghdad. The data were collected through the use of selfadministeredtechnique as a mean for data collection, by using a questionnaire that consists of three parts:First part was the socio-demographic data form; the second one contains the Index of Self-esteem Scale (ISE);and the third one that is concerned with Social Phobia instrument which includes Social Phobia Inventory (SPI)Scale, and Social Interaction Anxiety (SIA) scale. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilotstudy and the validity was achieved through a panel of (17) experts. The data were described statistically andanalyzed through use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures.Results: The study results show the effect of the index of self-esteem scale was 80 %, whereas the effect of theSocial Interaction Anxiety was 15%, followed by the Social Phobia Inventory (5.8%). Social phobia has asignificant impact upon nursing collegians’ self-esteem.Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the nursing collegians have low self-esteem and this level wasprobably affected by the variable of social phobia.Recommendations: The study recommended providing opportunities for students to participate inorganizations, conferences, and study projects to elevate their level of self esteem and constructing andimplementing educational programs for secondary schools teachers about how to decrease social phobiaamong their pupils.
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