Intrauterine blood transfusion is the mainstay of treatment of fetal rhesus hemolytic anemia with optimal perinatal outcome. Postnatal immunoglobulin therapy has been successfully used in the management of alloimmunized neonates and has shown to decrease the need for exchange transfusion. We report the first case series of fetal immunoglobulin therapy in the antenatal management of severe Rh incompatibility.

This study describes the prevalence and association of Torque teno virus (TTV) infection with blood-transmitted viral hepatitis including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). TTV infection was diagnosed by detection of TTV-DNA in serum, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. TTV-DNA was estimated in a total number of one hundred patients with CRF and in 100 voluntary blood donors as controls. The markers of HBV and HCV were also tested in sera samples of these patients. TTV-DNA was detected in 39 of 100 patients (39%) with CRF and in 27 of 100 (27%) healthy controls. The analysis of the results demonstrated HBsAg, IgM anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and HCV core antigen in 5.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 4.0% of patients, respectively. This study could not show any association of TTV with HBV and HCV infections for the transmission pattern or any impact on severity of diseases caused by these viruses in CRF patients. TTV also could not show any association with demographic characteristics of patients, duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions and renal/liver function of the patients. As such, this study concludes that TTV appears as a benign pathogen, showing no sign of renal/liver damage or any change in the severity of diseases caused by blood-borne hepatitis viruses.

We report a case of a ruptured cyst in a hyperstimulated ovary that was initially misinterpreted as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A 22-year-old woman who was on oral clomiphene citrate for primary infertility presented with pain in the lower abdomen, hypotension, and tachycardia. Sonographic examination revealed multiple cysts in both ovaries and free fluid in the abdomen, and the initial diagnosis was OHSS. However, sonographically guided aspiration of free fluid revealed a hemoperitoneum, and the patient underwent emergent surgery. At laparotomy, an actively bleeding ruptured cyst in a hyperstimulated ovary was found to be the cause of the hemoperitoneum. Radiologists must be familiar with the imaging features of this condition to avoid misdiagnosing it as OHSS, because this could potentially delay urgently required surgery.

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