The shelf life of amine based liquid propellant was predicted using Berthelot and Arrhenius approaches and the results were compared. Reduction of the triethylamine concentration to less than 48 wt‐% was taken as the end of shelf life. The γ10 parameter and the activation energy of the Berthelot and Arrhenius approaches were determined to be 1.99 and 64.07 kJ mol−1, respectively. According to the experimental data, the fuel shelf life at 293, 303, and 313 K, was predicted to be 5.7, 2.4, and 1.06 years using Arrhenius; and 3.93, 2, and 1 years using Berthelot approach, respectively. Results showed that the results that Berthelot approach gives lower values for fuel shelf life at ambient temperatures but it gives higher values at higher temperatures. Considering the safety aspect, the lower values are recommended as shelf life of the fuel.
The effect of cationic template on the adsorption of copper-phthalocyanine-3,4',4",4"'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt [Cu(tsPc) -4 •4Na + ] in MCM-41 and MCM-48 mesoporous materials was investigated, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the cationic template and tetraethyl-orthosilicate as the silica source for synthesis of mesoporous materials. The properties of synthesized samples were characterized with XRD-low angle and scanning electron microscopy. The as-synthesized mesoporous samples were used for the separation of Cu(tsPc) -4 •4Na + from aqueous solution, which showed very high adsorption capacity for it. The parameters included agitation speed, contact time, composition of adsorbents (presence or absence of surfactants) and initial analyte concentrations. Adsorption uptakes were rapid on the adsorbents reaching equilibrium in 1/5 h for MCM-48 and 2 h for MCM-41. The materials showed excellent adsorption capacity toward copper-phthalocyanine anion (300.5 mg/g of Cu(tsPc) -4 for as-MCM48 and 285.5 mg/g for as-MCM-41). The materials without surfactant did not show significant affinity for analyte. Dominant sorption mechanisms were interactions including electrostatic, hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.
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