Comparison of Berthelot and Arrhenius Approaches for Prediction of Liquid Propellant Shelf Life

Abstract

The shelf life of amine based liquid propellant was predicted using Berthelot and Arrhenius approaches and the results were compared. Reduction of the triethylamine concentration to less than 48 wt‐% was taken as the end of shelf life. The γ10 parameter and the activation energy of the Berthelot and Arrhenius approaches were determined to be 1.99 and 64.07 kJ mol−1, respectively. According to the experimental data, the fuel shelf life at 293, 303, and 313 K, was predicted to be 5.7, 2.4, and 1.06 years using Arrhenius; and 3.93, 2, and 1 years using Berthelot approach, respectively. Results showed that the results that Berthelot approach gives lower values for fuel shelf life at ambient temperatures but it gives higher values at higher temperatures. Considering the safety aspect, the lower values are recommended as shelf life of the fuel.

Influencing Factors of Autoxidation Kinetics Parameters of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuels

“…When T = 293.15 K, k 1 = 3.1224 × 10–10 h –1 and k 2 = 1.7736 × 10–12 h –1 can be obtained from formulas of ln k versus 1/ T (Figure ). The reaction can be regarded as zero-order at 20 °C, , that is, a 1 = a 2 = b 1 = b 2 = 0, and eq is equal to eq . When eq is combined with integrated [O 2 ] and t for eq , the result is expressed by eq . where [O 2 ] 0 is O 2 concentration of untreated fuels at room temperature, ppm; [O 2 ] a is the final concentration of O 2 , ppm; k 1 is the rate constant of eq , h –1 ; k 2 is the rate constant of eq , h –1 ; t is oxidation time, h.…”

“…In recent years, chemical kinetic models have been developed which simulate the major autoxidation pathways that occur in jet fuels. , Calculating kinetics is a common method to investigate reaction rates and activation energy. Moreover, the kinetic equations can be used to predict the storage period of liquid fuels and propellants, such as the Arrhenius and Berthelot equations. − Density functional theory is also used to calculate the energetics and kinetics of important reactions for jet fuel oxidation. , Autoxidation can cause fuel deterioration, − such as dissolved oxygen reacting with fuel to produce peroxy radicals, which in turn form peroxides. Peroxide has a serious corrosion effect on rubber, , which can cause aging and cracking of sealing materials in the aircraft oil system and result in fuel leakage.…”

Storage Lifetime Prediction of Composite Solid Propellant based on Šesták‐Berggren Model

“…Many scholars have done a lot of research work in predicting the storage lifetime of composite solid propellants. The traditional method is to use exponential function, power function or linear function to curve-fit its performance characteristic parameter change rule, and determine the pseudo lifetime point estimate value under each stress level according to the failure threshold of the corresponding performance parameter, and then use the Arrhenius equation, Berthelot equation, Eyring model and other modelling extrapolate storage lifetime under normal stress [1][2][3][4][5]. In view of the shortcomings of this type of model, some scholars have modified the traditional method to improve the accuracy of propellant storage lifetime estimation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Exploring the Influences of Conductive Graphite on Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN)‐Based Electrically Controlled Solid Propellant

“…However, once the solid propellants are extinguished, it is difficult to control throttling and re‐ignite. Liquid propellants are highly toxic and require complex cryogenic storage systems, otherwise, they are extremely unstable in the higher temperature range [2, 3]. Although hybrid propellants overcome the shortcomings of solid and liquid propellants, the disadvantages of it are that the mixing ratio between liquid oxidizer and solid fuel is not easy to control and the regression rate of solid fuel is low [4, 5].…”