The aim of this study is whether oxidative stress markers, homocysteine (Hcy), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) alter following administration of different doses of sertraline. Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups. Sertraline at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg / kg / day) were administered to three groups through gastric gavage for 90 days. The fourth group was received only distilled water. After 90 days of sertaline administration, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma were measured. The results revealed remarkable elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and considerable reduction in Hcy, cTnI, antioxidant enzymes levels as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and paraoxonase (PON)and ADA activity in the rats that were receive sertraline at dose of 80 mg /Kg /day. The results denoted that sertraline administration at the dose of 80 mg/kg/day reduce cardiovascular biomarkers. Meanwhile, decrease of ADA activity may suggest reduction of immune function due to sertraline administration.

Abstract:Objective: We aimed to investigate protective effects of vit E on oxidative stress status and homocysteine (Hcy) in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Methods: Sixteen Wistar male rats were treated with STZ (streptozotocin) (60 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats were divided into two groups: NTD (non-treated diabetic) and V E TD (vit E-treated diabetic) rats. The V E TD group received 300 mg/kg vit E with daily feeding. Eight normal rats of the same age were used as the control group. After 6 weeks, the rats were anesthetized, their cardiac tissue was removed, and homogenated supernatant was separated. Samples were assayed for TAC (total antioxidant capacity), LPO (lipid peroxidation), nitrite (NO 2 -), nitrate (NO 3 -), and Hcy. Key Findings: The contents of LPO, NO 3 -and Hcy in NTD compared to control group indicate a significant increase, but the levels of these parameters decreased in V E TD (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the amount of TAC in the NTD group but in V E TD group, that significantly increased (p < 0.05). The amount of NO 2 -in NTD and V E TD groups, compared to the control group, did not show any significant changes (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Significant decrease of oxidative stress and Hcy in the cardiac tissue caused by vit E supplementation strongly indicated that this radical scavenger may promote a protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through the attenuation of oxidative stress and increase antioxidant defense mechanism.

Citation of This ArticleAzimzadeh K, Amniattalab A: Total sialic acid, oxidative stress and histopathological changes in rainbow trout saprolegniasis (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 23, 55-62, 2017. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2016 AbstractSaprolegniasis is known as one of the most important fungal diseases of salmonids along with high mortality and economic problems. One hundred and seven fish suffering from cutaneous Saprolegnia infections and the same number of healthy fish were selected and blood parameters along with histopathology assay were performed in all ones. The results indicated a significant increase (P≤0.01) in total sialic acid, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein in plasma and a decrease in glucose, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase. Meanwhile, no significant alterations of alanine aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase were revealed in infected fish. Also, the histopathological findings observed in liver, especially glycogen storage and fatty inclusion and melanomacrophage centres in spleen. Tubular vascular degeneration along with cystic formation was identified in kidney. The results suggest that saprolegniasis develops substantial histopathological and blood profile changes in rainbow trout and recommend to pay more attention on some biochemical profiles such as MDA and TSA, due to cell health and defence against fungus on the skin respectively, along with hepatocyte function index (aspartate aminotransferase) and nitrogen metabolism (creatinine and urea) during disease management.

This study aimed to assess whether the triethylenetetramine (TETA) is impressed the plasma level of homocysteine (Hcy), total sialic acid (TSA) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as cardiovascular diseases risk factors, cystatin c (Cys c) and glucose along with histopathologic changes in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rabbit. Twenty number New Zealand white rabbits were assigned for this study. After induction of diabetes mellitus, TETA was orally administrated with different doses (10, 20, 40 mg/kg/day, A, B, C groups respectively) for 6 months daily and group D (as positive control) not received TETA. In the following, above parameters, insulin and glucose were measured in the all groups. Furthermore, histopathologic evaluation was carried out for aorta, kidney and pancreas in the all ones. Amounts of plasma cTnI, Hcy, TSA, Cys c and glucose concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in group C (40 mg/kg/day) compared with group D (positive control). In respect of insulin, normalizing of insulin occurred in group C (40 mg/kg/day) compared with group D (positive control). It is worth mentioning that during increasing of TETA dose, those levels decreased. In terms of histopathology, ameliorative and restoring effect of TETA on pancreatic beta-cells, glomeruli, renal tubules and aorta was determined in this study. The results suggested that TETA administration plays substantial role in tremendous alleviation of forenamed parameters and amelioration of beta-cells, renal glomeruli and tubules. Hence, TETA in the dose 40 mg/kg/day may utilize in the part of human diabetes mellitus management including cardiovascular, renal diseases and glucose normalizing.

Ichthyophthiriasis (white spot disease) is known as one of the most commonly parasites found in overcrowded pools. Cystatin c is known to be the most valuable serum biomarker in determining renal function. Gelsolin is known as an actin-binding protein that eliminates and minimizes blood actin. Regulatory role of hepcidin in iron metabolism and reducing the amount of iron available to microbes plays its antimicrobial role and sphingosine 1 phosphate is able to increase and stimulate antimicrobial activity in host cells. This study was conducted in the summer of 2012 in Urmia, where a number of rainbow trout were collected from eight crowded aquaculture farms. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein of all fish and poured into tubes containing EDTA and significance of the analyzes was set at the level (P<0.01). According to the results, cystatin c, hepcidin and sphingosine 1 phosphate in infected fish were significantly increased compared to healthy fish, while the gelsolin level was significantly reduced. In conclusion, based on ROC statistical analysis, `hepcidin` has high sensitivity (88.6%) than other ones and it means that, hepcidin may utilize as `Possible Potential Diagnostic Biomarker` in rainbow trout Ichthyophthiriasis.