We have developed an ultra slim backlight system using opticalpatterned film (OPF backlight), which has a lot of advantages to be composed of a single component and less than 0.4 mm in total thickness. Moreover, we have obtained the possibility to manufacture the sheet of OPF backlights by roll-to-roll continuous process.
A novel edge-light backlight unit using an optically patterned film (OPF backlight unit) for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is composed of a light guide plate bonded to the top of fine lenses formed on the OPF, a diffusive sheet, a reflective sheet and a light source. A viewing-angle-dependent luminance distribution of the OPF backlight unit was controllable by changing the shape of a fine lens used for the extraction of light propagating through a light guide plate and the direction control of radiating light, and a luminance distribution in a radiation plane suitable for LCDs was realized by adjusting the interval between lenses. Moreover, the extraction efficiency of the OPF backlight unit was greater than that of a conventional backlight unit. Thus, the OPF backlight unit was shown to be promising for the realization of a brighter, lower power consumption, slimmer and lighter LCD than conventional LCDs.
The spurious signals appearing in the picture image from a charge-coupled semiconductor device (CCD) camera were removed by means of a novel grating optical low-pass filter (GOLF). By placing the GOLF near the imaging plane of the CCD and adjusting the effective grating period projected onto the imaging plane with respect to the array period, or its integral multiplicative inverse of the picture elements formed in the imaging plane, it was verified that the GOLF eliminated the grating image superimposed on the picture image, which had been a long-standing problem. Photochemical reaction was useful for forming a sinusoidal grating crosssection which increased the MTF value in the region of low spatial frequencies to realize a clear-cut picture image. The GOLF fabricated in the form of a thin plate was promising to realize a new CCD with a built-in optical low-pass filter applicable for downsizing of camera optics.
The temporal evolution of disorder around grain boundaries between domains of ideally six-fold coordinated two-dimensional foam has been studied experimentally, using a foam comprising bubbles bridging between a soap solution and a cover glass. The disorder, quantified by the second central moment of the distribution of topological classes of the cells (µ 2 ), generally increases. In certain cases, in which the evolution can be followed over longer times, µ 2 eventually falls. This may be connected with the transient peaks for µ 2 found in previous studies of relatively ordered soap froths. The absolute values of µ 2 depend upon the boundary conditions imposed upon the foam, a rigid wall leading to higher values than a deformable boundary. The disorder about the grain boundaries propagates into the adjacent regions of ordered foam with constant speed, the roughness of the interface increasing with time.
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