O estudo descreve a pesca e os procedimentos de captura do camarão-da-amazônia, na área a jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observações de campo e entrevistas individuais auxiliadas por formulários semiestruturados aplicados junto aos pescadores, no período de setembro a novembro de 2011 e setembro de 2012. O camarão-da-amazônia é capturado por diversas artes de pesca,mas o matapi se destaca como o principal apetrecho. Os recursos usados na aquisição das armadilhas e outros insumos derivam da renda familiar.Todo o processo produtivo, como a confecção dos matapis, preparação das iscas, métodos de captura e estocagem da produção, é praticado de forma artesanal com base em métodos tradicionais, modificados, no decorrer dos anos. Os procedimentos de pesca são diversificados, algumas etapas são comuns entre os municípios a jusante e outras etapas bem específicas. No entanto, a captura do recurso pesqueiro está atrelada ao amplo conhecimento que os pescadores possuem sobre o ambiente em que vivem. Dentre os fatores ambientais que conduzem o ofício, estão as estações do ano e as marés que influenciam diretamente na escolha do local de pesca, o qual varia entre os igarapés, as margens dos rios e as praias. Estudos da seletividade dos matapis, da densidade de estocagemdos viveiros e ações de educação ambiental irão fornecer subsídios importantes a sustentabilidade socioambiental da atividade pesqueira do camarão-da-amazônia na região.

A realização de prospecções entre as isóbatas de 300 e 600 metros, na Região Norte brasileira, entre os Estados do Amapá e Maranhão, a partir da implantação do Programa “REVIZEE”, propiciou a obtenção de um excelente acervo zoológico. Entre estes, ressaltam-se os crustáceos, representados, primordialmente, pelos Penaeidea e Caridea. As coletas foram realizadas durante o segundo semestre de 1996 e primeiro de 1997 e 1998, a bordo do Navio de Pesquisa “Almirante Paulo Moreira”, sob a responsabilidade do Centro de Pesquisa e Extensão Pesqueira do Norte do Brasil (CEPNOR/IBAMA–MMA), utilizando-se redes de arrasto de fundo, objetivando-se, além do conhecimento da fauna da Zona Econômica Exclusiva do Brasil (ZEE), verificar a ocorrência, em águas de maior profundidade, de espécies potencialmente econômicas. Foram identificadas 14 espécies, distribuídas em 11 gêneros e 7 famílias. Quanto à profundidade, a faixa compreendida entre as isóbatas de 300 e 400m foi a mais rica em número de espécies. Por outro lado, na faixa entre 400 e 600m foram coletadas as espécies consideradas como de maior importância potencial, merecendo um estudo mais acurado Aristeus antillensis A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1909 e Aristaeopsis edwardsiana (Johnson, 1867). Para Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne Edwards,1881, que ocorreu entre 300 e 400m, também são válidas estas recomendações. Palavras-chave: Camarões de águas profundas; Crustacea Decapoda, Programa REVIZEE.

The spatial distribution of the southern brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) was studied based on industrial fishing fleet activities and is associated with geological and oceanographic characteristics of the benthonic environments on the Amazon continental shelf. Using a geographical information system (GIS) this paper sought to calculate the relative abundance of brown shrimp based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) and compare it with bathymetry, type of sedimentary structure, sedimentation rate and bottom salinity. As a result, we have concluded that the relative abundance (in terms of CPUE) is not uniformly distributed in space. Spatial analysis indicates that commercial trawling efforts were made in the (foreset) region of the subaqueous Amazon delta at depths of 40 to 60 m. In this region, prawn are responsible for the bioturbation of the sediments and the creation of a sedimentary structure called mottled mud. In the foreset region, sedimentation rates progressively increased up to 10 cm.yr-1; re-suspension was reduced and bottom salinity was high (~ 36). It appears that all of these factors define a stable muddy area with intense bioturbation. This notable biological activity is to be explained by the occurrence of a high F. subtilis abundance that appears to originate in a microbial loop. We concluded that by combining fishery information with environmental data from a GIS, it was possible to identify abundance distribution patterns for southern brown shrimp and other economically important fishery resources and to understand how they change on a large spatial-scale.

Soil sampling is a fundamental procedure in the decision making regarding the management of the soil, thus, a sampling plan should represent as accurately as possible the evaluated crop field. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to suggest a soil sampling approach and soil sampling point allocation using spatial analyses and compare to the classic statistic method in irrigated mango orchards in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out in three commercial mango orchards located in the region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m depths following regular grids where the number of samples varied from 50 to 56. Soil texture, soil bulk density, soil total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, P, potential acidity, and the sum of basis were evaluated. Classical and geostatistical statistics were used to determine the ideal number of soil samples. Fuzzy c-means clustering technique was used to separate the areas into homogeneous zones and to allocate the sampling points. The wide method of 20 individual soil samples proved to be inefficient. On the other hand, the use of geostatistics proved to be efficient and is required for each crop field. The c-means clustering was adequate to separate the areas into homogeneous zones and, thus, to assist the sampling point allocation.

No abstract

The objective of the present study was to report the occurrence of Trypanoxyuris in owl monkeys, using data from clinical and haematological examinations, as well as clinical chemistry (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) of infected and uninfected animals. Twenty animals in apparently good clinical health were studied. The coproparasitological examinations showed eggs compatible with Trypanoxyuris sp. in 50% of animals. The number of red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the males, compared to the females, irrespective of parasitism. However, comparing segmented neutrophils in infected males and females, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed. All blood chemistry values were considered normal for the species pattern, even though significant differences were observed for BUN and ALT in infected males. The infection by Trypanoxyuris sp. did not appear to interfere with the clinical condition of animals.

The study aimed to determine the selectivity of matapi used in catching Amazon-shrimp, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), the lower Tocantins River. The fishing was carried out during the rainy season and the dry season of 2013 in three sampling points. Thirty matapis were used for every collection point, with spacing between battens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm, all with babassu baits. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean total length and weight and condition factor of the specimens with 5% error; the weight/length ratios were analyzed by bilateral t test with α=5%; and the selectivity for the curves of selection. The results demonstrated that males are bigger and females are heavier. The weight/length relationship were positively correlated, differed between the sexes (t = - 4.59; p <0.0001), whereas males and females exhibited negative allometric growth. The condition factor was higher in the rainy season. The matapi with spacing of 5 mm of splices is the most suitable for fishing, taking into account the capture of 50% of the adult population and the captured volume

The salinization of irrigated areas in the semi-arid region of Brazil causes major problem for fruit production. Defining the spatial distribution of soil salinity provides important insight technique for improving the management of irrigated fruit-production areas. This work aimed to (1) assess the spatial distribution of soil salinity and (2) delineate management zones in an irrigated mango orchard in the semi-arid region based on soil salinity data. The experimental site in Juazeiro County, Bahia state, Brazil was defined by two sample grids, one under the canopy of the mango trees and the other in the row spacing with 96 georeferenced points spaced 8 x 8 m apart. Disturbed-soil cores were taken from the 0 to 0.2 m layer at each point. Soil texture, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable cations, and soluble cations were determined. Data were analyzed using descriptive data and geostatistical analysis. Soil salinity showed spatial dependence for samples collected in the row spacing of the mango trees. Exchangeable Na, and soluble Na, Ca, and Mg were the attributes that best defined the spatial distribution of soil salinity. Three management zones in the studied area were defined based on soil EC values, in which 63% classified as salic, 34% saline and 3% non-saline. This study clearly shows that soil-salinity problems associated with the development of mango plants may be due to an accumulation of salts in the spacing region between the plants.