The proliferation of harmful and offensive content is a problem that many online platforms face today. One of the most common approaches for moderating offensive content online is via the identification and removal after it has been posted, increasingly assisted by machine learning algorithms. More recently, platforms have begun employing moderation approaches which seek to intervene prior to offensive content being posted. In this paper, we conduct an online randomized controlled experiment on Twitter to evaluate a new intervention that aims to encourage participants to reconsider their offensive content and, ultimately, seeks to reduce the amount of offensive content on the platform. The intervention prompts users who are about to post harmful content with an opportunity to pause and reconsider their Tweet. We find that users in our treatment prompted with this intervention posted 6% fewer offensive Tweets than non-prompted users in our control. This decrease in the creation of offensive content can be attributed not just to the deletion and revision of prompted Tweets - we also observed a decrease in both the number of offensive Tweets that prompted users create in the future and the number of offensive replies to prompted Tweets. We conclude that interventions allowing users to reconsider their comments can be an effective mechanism for reducing offensive content online.
Logic diagnosis analyzes scan test failures and produces a list of potential defect locations and types. This information is often used as a starting point for a detailed physical failure analysis (PFA) process that locates the actual physical defect. One important criterion that dictates whether PFA can be performed on a certain die is the physical area of the die over which the potential defect locations reported by diagnosis are spread. While logic diagnosis works with a logic-level abstraction of the design, in this paper we describe the use of additional design layout information during diagnosis to lead to better localization of defects and reduce the area over which potential defect locations are spread. This directly results in more die becoming suitable for PFA. We demonstrate the effectiveness of such “layout-aware” diagnosis for PFA using an industrial case study in which several die from two wafers were diagnosed and 61% and 78% more die became suitable for PFA using layout-aware diagnosis.
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