This study examines whether two aspects of mothering--acceptance and consistency of discipline--buffer the effect of divorce stressors on adjustment problems in 678 children, ages 8 to 15, whose families had divorced within the past 2 years. Children reported on divorce stressors; both mothers and children reported on mothering and internalizing and externalizing problems. Multiple regressions indicate that for maternal report of mothering, acceptance interacted with divorce stressors in predicting both dimensions of adjustment problems, with the pattern of findings supporting a stress-buffering effect. For child report of mothering, acceptance, consistency of discipline, and divorce stressors interacted in predicting adjustment problems. The relation between divorce stressors and internalizing and externalizing problems is stronger for children who report low acceptance and low consistency of discipline than for children who report either low acceptance and high consistency of discipline or high acceptance and low consistency of discipline. Children reporting high acceptance and high consistency of discipline have the lowest levels of adjustment problems. Implications of these results for understanding variability in children's postdivorce adjustment and interventions for divorced families are discussed.
An Arizona law, effective January 1, 1992, requires establishments that sell alcohol to display a poster that warns of the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant. In Study 1, the authors measure the effects of this warning poster on college students before (N = 362), 3 months after (N = 332), 9 months after (N = 369), 12 months after (N = 337), and 18 months after (N = 336) the legislation became effective. After the introduction of the law, students reported more exposure to the poster and greater recognition for the content of the poster, along with some suggestive evidence for stronger beliefs about the risks of drinking while pregnant and less tolerance for alcohol consumption during pregnancy. All the positive effects were small, and there were no significant effects found on intentions to avoid drinking alcohol while pregnant. In Study 2, the positive associations of the poster on exposure and beliefs about the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant were replicated in a representative sample of Arizona high school students measured before (N = 5396), 18 months after (N = 2058), and 42 months after (N = 2,318) the introduction of the warning poster. In both the high school and college samples, there was evidence that the initial positive effects of the warning poster leveled off over time.
HyperCard (Atkinson, 1987) is a new development environment for the Macintosh that shows promise for use in psychological research and testing. In this paper, we discuss the development of HyperCard stackware with which a block-design task similar to that of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) can be administered. The reliability and validity ofthe computerized block-design task was evaluated by administering both the computerized task and the WAIS-R subtest to college undergraduates. Results indicated that the computerized task's reliability compared favorably with that of the WAIS-R subtest. Validity coefficients were equivocal; although an elapsed-time measure showed moderate correlation between the tasks, the numbers of designs correctly completed in each condition were not significantly correlated.
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