Background: CsTx-1, an ICK motif containing neurotoxin, acts as L-type Ca 2ϩ -channel inhibitor. Results: The partial ␣-helical C terminus of CsTx-1 exhibits cytolytic activity toward prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes. Conclusion: CsTx-1 is one peptide with different domains for ion channel inhibition and cytolytic activity. Significance: Shown is an important new mechanism for the evolution of spider venomous peptides.
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