This article addresses some possible relationship between education and media in contemporary society and explores the role that formal education should play in both the integration of media in the curriculum and the digital literacy skills necessary for the 21st century. The authors discuss here different theories and approaches that have dominated international media studies, media education and media literacy in recent decades. Confusion and misunderstandings in terminology for contemporary literacy in a complex, global and intercultural environment are explored and the authors present some inclusive categories for 21st century literacy such as media literacy, digital, multimodal, critical and functional. Interpretations of media literacy and digital competencies are discussed with particular emphasis on the current European regulatory framework. The authors warn that reductionist interpretations that focus on applied technical competencies with devices, hardware and software have the potential to severely limit media literacy education. Instead, the authors stress critical approaches as central to media literacy. In addition to technical competency, the authors highlight the need to include a broader and deeper analysis of the social uses, attitudes, and values associated with new media tools, texts and practices. El presente trabajo aborda las posibles relaciones entre educación y medios en la sociedad actual, y el papel que le corresponde a la educación formal tanto en la integración curricular de los medios como en la alfabetización digital necesaria para el siglo XXI. Se parte de distintas concepciones y enfoques que en las últimas décadas han predominado en el estudio de los medios y en la educación y alfabetización mediáticas en el panorama internacional; se intentan subsanar algunos problemas terminológicos derivados de la riqueza idiomática del mundo global e intercultural en el que nos movemos; se buscan posturas integradoras y se propone una alfabetización para el siglo XXI que se caracteriza por ser mediática, digital, multimodal, crítica y funcional. Se analizan posibles interpretaciones de educación mediática y competencia digital prestando especial atención al actual marco normativo europeo y se advierte de dos posibles peligros: reducir la educación mediática al desarrollo de la competencia digital, y reducir la competencia digital a su dimensión más tecnológica e instrumental: centrarse en los conocimientos técnicos, en los procedimientos de uso y manejo de dispositivos y programas, olvidando las actitudes y los valores. Para evitar el reduccionismo y el sesgo tecnológico se recomienda recuperar para el desarrollo de la alfabetización mediática y de la competencia digital los enfoques más críticos e ideológicos de la educación para los medios.

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This article presents the preliminary findings of GamiLearning (2015-2018), a research project that aims to promote critical and participative dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) in children through the creation of digital games. The project presents an innovative approach by arguing that MIL can be promoted through the process of creation and development of videogames. Students ages 9 to 14 years old from Portugal and Austin, Texas (USA) participated in the study. which included an intervention at school, was based on a constructivist/project-based approach. Fieldwork was conducted at four schools and a MIL questionnaire was used, based in a theoretical framework, and were administered before and after the project's intervention. Results from the four schools indicate statistically significant differences between pre and post questionnaires, considering MIL skills in general, and in several groups of skills, namely Operational Skills, Editorial Skills, Digital Identity Management Skills, Critical Media Literacy, Learning and Social Interaction.

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This article explores intertextuality as a technique that can be used to bridge old and new media literacies for teachers and students who hope to move beyond the textbook model of instruction into a world of online resources, flexible pedagogies and innovative designs for learning. These include the uses of online archives, media studies techniques, participatory knowledge creation, and multimedia analysis and production. Este artículo explora la intertextualidad como una técnica que puede ser usada para tender un puente entre viejos y nuevos programas de alfabetización con los medios dirigidos a profesores y estudiantes que esperan pasar de un modelo de enseñanza basado en los libros de texto a un mundo de recursos on-line, pedagogías flexibles, técnicas de estudio de los medios, construcción interactiva del conocimiento y análisis y producción de multimedia.

Students have high levels of access to digital multimedia tools, yet classroom routines barely tap the potential of digital media for learning. Current uses of nonprint literacy resources employ routine alphabetic literacy practices and fail to fully use some unique characteristics of digital media such as immediacy, archival breadth and depth, interactivity, and the implosion of multiple media texts. Hands-on production is marginalized in elementary and secondary school settings—even when digital literacy tools are abundant. Practices that extend the concept of reading and writing to include the viewing and representing of multimedia texts are necessary if digital literacy is to be integrated across the curriculum. The article presents educational design strategies that can be customized to support the uses of digital literacy tools for learning.