Apocynaceae is a botanical family distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Brazil, they comprise about 90 genera and 850 species, inhabiting various types of vegetation. Within this large botanical family, the genus Hancornia is considered monotypic, with its only species Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antiviral activities are described for this species. Despite having been the target of some studies, knowledge of its chemical composition is still limited. In this study, the phenolics of H. speciosa leaves were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). As a result, 14 compounds were identified viz. protocatechuic acid, catechin, and quercetin, and another 14 were putatively identified viz. B- and C-type procyanidins, while just one compound remained unknown. From the identified compounds, 17 are reported for the first time viz. coumaroylquinic acid isomers and eriodyctiol. The results show that Hancornia speciosa can serve as source of valuable phenolics.
Lung cancer is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. As a result, it is often associated with a significant amount of suffering and a general decrease in the quality of life. Herbal medicines are recognized as an attractive approach to lung cancer therapy with little side effects and are a major source of new drugs. The aim of this work was to review the medicinal plants and other living organisms with antitumor potential against lung cancer. The assays were conducted with animals and humans, and Lewis lung carcinoma was the most used experimental model. China, Japan, South Korea, and Ethiopia were the countries that most published studies of species with antitumor activity. Of the 38 plants evaluated, 27 demonstrated antitumor activity. In addition, six other living organisms were cited for antitumor activity against lung cancer. Mechanisms of action, combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, and new technologies to increase activity and reduce the toxicity of the treatment are discussed. This review was based on the NAPRALERT databank, Web of Science, and Chemical Abstracts. This work shows that natural products from plants continue to be a rich source of herbal medicines or biologically active compounds against cancer.
Resumo: Os organismos marinhos são uma fonte rica para a pesquisa de novos protótipos de fármacos, entre eles, as algas são um grupo muito diverso, com diferentes características morfológicas, estruturais e metabólicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva das frações hexânica (HE), acetato de etila (AE) e hidroalcoólico (HA) de Caulerpa kempfii em camundongos. Para tanto, foram utilizados os modelos de contorção abdominal induzida por ácido acético, teste de placa quente e nocicepção induzida por formalina para avaliar o potencial antinociceptivo das frações, enquanto o teste de peritonite induzida por carragenina foi utilizado para investigar o efeito anti-inflamatório de C. kempfii. No ensaio de contorções abdominais, o HE, AE, HA e dipirona induziram uma inibição de 76,7, 83,9, 90,8 e 89,3%, respectivamente. Já no teste da placa quente, os extratos de C. kempfii não aumentaram o tempo de latência dos animais em todos os tempos avaliados. Na fase neurogênica do teste de formalina, as frações induziram uma inibição de 28,0% (HE), 37,4% (AE) e 35,9% (HA). Enquanto na fase inflamatória, a inibição foi de 55,1% (HE), 44,5% (AE) e 54,9% (HA), enquanto a indometacina inibiu 62,6%. Além disso, na peritonite induzida por carragenina, foi observada uma redução na migração celular após o tratamento com todas as frações. Dessa forma, com o presente estudo, conclui-se que HE, AE e HA de C. kempfii possuem atividade antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória e poderiam ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos e na busca por novos protótipos de fármacos. Palavras-chave: Caulerpa kempfii; antinociceptivo; anti-inflamatório; algas verdes. AbstractMarine organisms are a rich source of new prototype drugs, and among them, the seaweeds are a very diverse group with different morphological, structural and metabolic features. The present work was designed to evaluate the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EA) and hydroalcoholic (HA) fractions of Caulerpa kempfii in mice. The acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin-induced nociception tests were carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive potential of these fractions, while the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. kempfii. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, HE, EA, HA and dipyrone reduced the number of writhings by 76.7, 83.9, 90.8 and 89.3%, respectively. In the hot plate test, C. kempfii fractions did not increase the latency time of the animals in the time evaluated. In the neurogenic phase of the formalin test, the fractions significantly inhibited the pain response by 28.0% (HE), 37.4% (EA), and 35.9% (HA). While in the inflammatory phase, the inhibition was 55.1% (HE), 44.5% (EA) and 54.9% (HA), and indomethacin caused a 62.6% decrease in response. Moreover, in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test, a reduction in cell migration was seen with all fractions evaluated. The results of...
Introduction: The transplanted patient has a complex pharmacotherapy, with the pharmacist having an important role in the multidisciplinary team. Objective: To analyze the pharmaceutical recommendations made during the hospitalization of the patients in kidney and liver transplant units. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which pharmaceutical recommendations from May 2017 to April 2018 were collected from the records contained in the database of the Clinical Pharmacy Unit of a University Hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. The recommendations were categorized and analyzed based on the classification used in the institution. Results: There were 1241 pharmaceutical recommendations involving 325 patients and 1466 medications. The recommendations were more frequent during liver transplantation (54.2%, n = 672), with dose adjustments (18.2%, n = 122) and dilution / reconstitution (9.8%, n = 66) being the most predominant types. In kidney transplantation, recommendations for education about medication use (17.6%, n = 100) and treatment adherence strategies (17.6%, n = 100) were the most predominant. The most frequent therapeutic classes were systemic antibacterials (31.2%, n = 458) and immunosuppressants (25.1%, n = 368). The acceptance rate of recommendations for kidney and liver transplantation were 95.1% (n = 541) and 95.4% (n = 641), respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed a high frequency of pharmaceutical recommendations and these results demonstrate that the detection of drug-related problems generates pharmaceutical recommendations that can contribute to the reduction of negative drug-associated results and increase patient safety.
Linha de pesquisa:Farmácia Clínica e Vigilância em saúde.Introdução: A esquizofrenia é um transtorno mental grave e persistente que se caracteriza por distorções do pensamento e da percepção por inadequação e embotamento do afeto, a princípio não gera prejuízos da capacidade intelectual, no entanto ao longo do tempo pode surgir danos cognitivos. Os seus sintomas são categorizados em positivos e negativos, entre os positivos estão alucinações, pensamentos, e discursos desorganizados, além de delírios, ansiedade excessiva e comportamento agressivo, já os sintomas negativos incluem o isolamento social, a indiferença emocional e a pobreza do pensamento. (Schizophrenia Research, 142, 2012). Pouco se sabe sobre a inserção do profissional farmacêutico no âmbito da atenção farmacêutica nos centros de atenção psicossocial no acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes que sofrem com a esquizofrenia, pouco se sabe ainda sobre suas ações, bem como os desafios por ele enfrentado. Intervenções farmacêuticas, além de outros benefícios no acompanhamento desses pacientes incluindo informações específicas sobre ajuste de dose de medicamentos para insuficiência renal, idade ou peso, informações toxicológicas e farmacológicas, instruções sobre administração e substituição de medicamentos, ou qualquer outra dúvida sobre uso de medicamentos são de grande importância para a qualidade de vida desse grupo de pacientes. Objetivos: Delinear o perfil farmacoepidemiológico dos pacientes com esquizofrenia cadastrados no CAPS GERAL SER III no período do estudo; Identificar e classificar os problemas relacionados aos medicamentos (PRM) quanto a sua necessidade, efetividade e segurança; Analisar as intervenções farmacêuticas classificando-as; Analisar através do questionário UKU, os efeitos colaterais dos fármacos em estudo. Métodos: O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico (AFT) seguirá o Método Dáder (Guia de Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico. Granada. Universidade de Granada, 2003.). Elaborou-se dois formulários contendo perguntas. Um dos formulários foi dividido em cinco partes: a primeira destina-se à identificação dos dados dos pacientes, a segunda refere-se aos dados do responsável, caso possua, já a terceira parte refere-se características socioeconômicas do paciente, enquanto a quarta parte destina-se à terapia recebida no CAPS, e a quinta à terapia medicamentosa daquele. O segundo questionário corresponde ao questionário UKU. A UKU (Side effects rating scale, da Ugvalg for Kliniske Undersgelser, Lingjaerde, 1987) é uma escala detalhada para avaliação de efeitos colaterais medicamentosos compreendendo os seguintes 4 grupos de efeitos colaterais: psíquicos, neurológicos, autonômicos e outros. Cada item é avaliado numa escala de zero (ausente) a 3 (grave) (há exceções). Para cada item é assinalada a relação causal com a medicação em uso (improvável, possível e provável). O Apêndice D será a planilha de problemas relacionados aos medicamentos. Também será utilizado a planilha de intervenções farmacêuticas,
Background: Success after liver transplantation involves different particularities. As important as the surgical procedure is the need for health information for patients, fundamental educational strategies facilitate the understanding of the guidelines provided by the health team. Objectives: To describe the process of elaboration and validation of an educational booklet for a liver transplant recipient. Materials and Methods: Methodological research, for the elaboration and validation of an educational technology, developed in three stages: bibliographic survey, elaboration of the booklet and validation of the material. Validation took place between May and August 2021 with professionals from the care team and patients from a specialized outpatient clinic of a university hospital. To analyze the validity, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) program were adopted for data storage and analysis. Results: The CVI obtained with the 17 expert judges was 0.98, and with 20 patients, 0.99, which proves to be valid material. Conclusion: The booklet is valid and adequate for information to transplant patients, suggesting its implementation in the post-liver transplant routine as a guiding resource for care in order to make the process more effective.
Background: Liver transplantation is a procedure used worldwide; however, after a surgery many changes are necessary for this outcome; therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of life of liver transplant patients in the recent, and intermediate post-operative periods. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted in the Liver Transplant Outpatient Service of the Walter Cantidio University Hospital (Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, HUWC) belonging to the Federal University of Ceará (Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC). Data collection was carried out between July 2019 and August 2021. A total of 30 patients met the study inclusion criteria and were therefore characterised regarding gender, age, marital status, family income, origin, and reason for the transplant. The quality of life results were obtained through the Liver Disease Quality of Life (LDQOL) questionnaire. The Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) programme was used to store and analyse the data. Results: There was predominance of the male gender (n=20; 66.7%). The predominant age group was from 50 to 59 years old (n=9; 30%), and most of the interviewees were married (n=15; 50%). The most frequent family income was between 2 and 4 minimum wages (11; 36.6%), and most of the patients were from the Northeast region (n=21; 70%). In turn, regarding the cause of the liver disease, alcohol abuse was the reason for the transplants in a total of 9 (30%) patients. The quality of life analysis through LDQOL showed an increase in the scores from the recent post-transplant period to the intermediate post-transplant period, with significant scores (p<0.05) for the following domains: symptoms, effects of the liver disease, social issues, concern about the disease, sexual function, sleep, and isolation. Conclusion: There was a significant and positive difference in quality of life in the intermediate post-transplant period when compared to the initial phase of the transplant, with liver transplant considered as the best definitive treatment option for chronic, and irreversible liver diseases.
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