The present research tested if having first-year medical students complete active learning workshops would reduce their implicit stereotyping of Hispanics as medically noncompliant. The workshops were tested with 78 majority (White) group, 16 target minority (Hispanic, African American, and American Indian) group, and 42 nontarget minority (Asian American and foreign-born students from East Asia and Southeast Asia) group students in the 2018 and 2021 classes in the American Southwest. Prior to the workshops, students completed an implicit association test (IAT) and then participated in 2 workshops that covered the psychology of intergroup bias, the role of implicit bias in patient care, and activities for learning six strategies for controlling the implicit stereotyping of patients. The results showed that before the workshops, the level of implicit stereotyping of Hispanics was significant for the majority and nontarget minority group students, but it was not significant for the target minority group students. After the workshops, target minority students again showed no bias, and implicit stereotyping was significantly lower for the majority group students, but not for the nontarget minority students. The results suggest that the workshops may have been effective for majority group and target minority group students, but that more cultural tailoring of the materials and activities may be necessary to address implicit bias among some minority group medical students.
14Objective 15 Implicit prejudice and stereotyping may exist in health care providers automatically without their 16 awareness. These biases can correlate with outcomes that are consequential for the patient. This 17 study examined gynecologic oncology care providers' implicit prejudice and stereotyping toward 18 cervical cancer. 19Methods 20Members of professional gynecologic oncology organizations were asked to complete two 21 Implicit Association Tests to determine if they implicitly associate cervical cancer with feelings 22 of anger (prejudice) and beliefs about culpability for the disease (stereotypes), compared to 23 ovarian cancer. Linear models and student t-tests examined average levels of implicit bias and 24 moderators of the implicit bias effects. 25
Results 26One-hundred seventy-six (132 female, 43 male, 1 nonresponse; � age = 39.18 years, SDage = 10.58 27 years) providers were recruited and the final sample included 151 participants (93 physicians and 28 58 nurses, � age = 38.93, SDage= 10.59). Gynecologic oncology providers showed significant 29 levels of implicit prejudice, � = 0.17, SD = 0.47, 95% CI: (0.10, 0.25), towards cervical cancer 30 patients. They also showed significant levels of implicit stereotyping of cervical cancer patients, 31 � = 0.15, SD = 0.42, 95% CI: (0.08, 0.21). Whereas physicians did not demonstrate significant 32 levels of implicit bias, nurses demonstrated greater levels of implicit prejudice and implicit 33 stereotyping. Providers without cultural competency/implicit bias training demonstrated greater 34 bias than those who had completed such training (p < 0.05). 35Conclusions 36 3This study provides the first evidence that gynecologic oncology providers hold implicit biases 37 related to cervical cancer. Interventions may be designed to target specific groups in gynecologic 38 oncology to improve interactions with patients. 39 4
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