S In this article we analyze the intersections and disjunctures between everyday (home, community, peer group) and school funds of knowledge and Discourse (Gee, 1996) that frame the school‐based, content area literacy practices of middle school‐aged youth in a predominantly Latino/a, urban community of Detroit, Michigan, in the United States. Using data collected across five years of an on‐going community ethnography, we present findings on the strength of various funds that shape the texts available to a sample of 30 young people in the community and school we studied. We then present the patterns that we analyzed across each of the different documented funds. We use our findings on the funds that youth have available to them outside of school to suggest possibilities for working toward third space (Bhabha, 1994; Gutiérrez, Baquedano‐López, Alvarez, & Chiu, 1999; Soja, 1996) around literacy and content learning in the seventh‐ and eighth‐grade, public school science classrooms of these youth, and we draw implications for literacy teaching and research in other content areas. EN ESTE artículo analizamos las intersecciones y fracturas entre las fuentes cotidianas (hogar, comunidad, grupo de pares) y escolares de conocimientos y tipos discursivos (Gee, 1996). Estas constituyen el marco de las prácticas escolares de alfabetización en las áreas de contenido para jóvenes de escuela media en una comunidad urbana predominantemente latina de Detroit, Michigan, USA. Utilizando datos recogidos durante cinco años en un estudio etnográfico en curso, presentamos hallazgos acerca de la fuerza de varias fuentes que conforman los textos de los que disponen 30 jóvenes de la comunidad y la escuela estudiadas. Usamos los hallazgos sobre los recursos a los que los jóvenes tienen acceso fuera de la escuela para sugerir posibilidades de trabajo sobre el tercer espacio (Bhabha, 1994; Gutiérrez, Baquedano‐López, Alvarez, & Chiu, 1999; Soja, 1996) en alfabetización y aprendizaje de contenidos para aulas de ciencia de séptimo y octavo grado en escuelas públicas. Asimismo formulamos implicancias para la enseñanza y la investigación en otras áreas de contenido. IN DIESEM Artikel analysieren wir Verbindungen und Trennungen zwischen dem Alltag (dem Zuhause, in der Gemeinschaft, bei Gleichaltrigen untereinander) und gegenüber schulischen Wissensgrundlagen und Diskurs (Gee, 1996), welche die schulfächer‐basierenden Schreib‐ und Lesepraktiken von jugendlichen Mitschülern in einer überwiegend latein‐amerikanischen Stadtgemeinde in Detroit, Michigan, in den Vereinigten Staaten einrahmen. Unter Benutzung von über fünf Jahren gesammelter Daten einer fortlaufenden ethnischen Gemeinschaftserhebung präsentieren wir Ermittlungen aufgrund der Überzeugungskraft verschiedener Grundlagen, welche die vorhandenen Texte gestalten, die wir anhand einer Auswahl von 30 Jugendlichen in der Gemeinde und Schule studierten. Danach präsentieren wir Musterbeispiele, die wir quer durch die unterschiedlich dokumentierten Grundlagen weiter analysierten. Wir wandte...
AIM The study aims to determine resident applicant metrics most predictive of academic and clinical performance as measured by the Council of Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) examination scores and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) clinical performance (Milestones) in the aftermath of United States Medical Licensing Examination Scores (USMLE) Step 1 becoming a pass/fail examination. METHODS In this retrospective study, electronic and paper documents for Wayne State University Obstetrics and Gynecology residents matriculated over a 5-year period ending July 2018 were collected. USMLE scores, clerkship grade, and wording on the letters of recommendation as well as Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) were extracted from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and scored numerically. Semiannual Milestone evaluations and yearly CREOG scores were used as a marker of resident performance. Statistical analysis on residents (n = 75) was performed using R and SPSS and significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Mean USMLE score correlated with CREOG performance and, of all 3 Steps, Step 1 had the tightest association. MSPE and class percentile also correlated with CREOGs. Clerkship grade and recommendation letters had no correlation with resident performance. Of all metrics provided by ERAS, none taken alone, were as useful as Step 1 scores at predicting performance in residency. Regression modeling demonstrated that the combination of Step 2 scores with MSPE wording restored the predictive ability lost by Step 1. CONCLUSIONS The change of USMLE Step 1 to pass/fail may alter resident selection strategies. Other objective markers are needed in order to evaluate an applicant’s future performance in residency.
Background To determine whether oral norethindrone acetate is superior to combined oral contraceptives (OCP) in delaying menstruation and preventing breakthrough bleeding when started late in the cycle. Methods This article comprises of a case control study followed by a pilot randomized controlled study. In the first study, four women who presented late in their cycle and desired avoiding vaginal bleeding within 10 days before a wedding were started on norethindrone 5 mg three times daily and compared to age matched controls started on OCPs. Subsequently, a randomized controlled pilot study ( n = 50) comparing OCPs to norethindrone for the retiming of menses was conducted. Percentage of women reporting spotting were compared with level of statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results Of the norethindrone treated group, only 2 women (8%) reported spotting compared with 10 women (43%) in the control group ( p < 0.01). Norethindrone recipients experienced significant weight gain, which resolved after cessation of therapy and had heavier withdrawal bleed ( p < 0.04) when compared to controls. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the norethindrone group, with 80% willing to choose this method again. Time to conceive was significantly shorter in the norethindrone group ( p < 0.03). Conclusions Norethindrone, begun on or before cycle day 12, is superior for women who desire to avoid breakthrough bleeding and maintain fertility when compared to OCPs. It is an ideal approach in patients presenting late in their cycle and who desire delaying menses as well as in circumstances when even minute amounts of breakthrough bleeding cannot be tolerated. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03594604 , July 2018. Retrospectively registered.
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