BackgroundDue to climate change, extreme weather events have an incremental impact on human health. Injuries and mental health disorders are a particular burden of disease, which is broadly investigated in high income countries. Most distressed populations are, however, those in developing countries. Therefore, this study investigates mental and physical health impacts arising from extreme weather events in these populations.MethodPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), injury [primary outcomes], anxiety and depressive disorders [secondary outcomes], caused by weather extremes were systematically analyzed in people of developing countries. A systematic review of observational studies was conducted searching six databases, complemented by hand search, and utilizing two search engines. Review processing was done independently by two reviewers. Prevalence rates were analyzed in a pre/post design; an additional semi-structured search was conducted, to provide reference data for studies not incorporating reference values.ResultsAll 17 identified studies (70,842 individuals) indicate a disease increase, compared to the reference data. Increase ranges from 0.7–52.6 % for PTSD, and from 0.3–37.3 % for injury. No studies on droughts and heatwaves were identified. All studies were conducted in South America and Asia.ConclusionThere is an increased burden of psychological diseases and injury. This finding needs to be incorporated into activities of prevention, preparedness and general health care of those developing countries increasingly experiencing extreme weather events. There is also a gap in research in Africa (in quantity and quality) of studies in this field and a predominant heterogeneity of health assessment tools.PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42014009109Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3692-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Bei knappen Ressourcen in der noch jungen Physiotherapiewissenschaft in Deutschland stellt das Evidence Mapping eine geeignete Methode dar, um vorhandene Evidenz ?berblickartig darzustellen und Evidenzl?cken aufzuzeigen. Eine neue Form des Evidence Mappings ist das Cochrane Review Map, das ausschlie?lich qualit?tsgesicherte systematische ?bersichtarbeiten der Cochrane Collaboration ber?cksichtigt.
Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, die Methodik des Cochrane Review Map zu beschreiben und von weiteren Formen der Evidenzsynthese abzugrenzen. Exemplarisch wird dar?ber hinaus ein Cochrane Review Map f?r die Physiotherapie nach Schlaganfall dargestellt.
Methode: F?r das Cochrane Review Map ber?cksichtigte die systematische Literatursuche alle Cochrane Reviews, die Personen mit Schlaganfall einschlossen. Zus?tzlich musste eine physiotherapierelevante Versorgungsma?nahme nach Schlaganfall gegeben sein. Ein standardisierter Dokumentationsbogen umfasste Studiendaten zur Indikation, Berufsgruppe, Quelle, prim?re Endpunkte, Interventionsvergleiche und Anzahl der Studien.
Ergebnisse: F?r das Cochrane Review Map wurden?27 Cochrane Reviews identifiziert. Anhand der?Kriterien Forschungsfragestellung, Literaturrecherche, Risk-of-Bias-Bewertung und Ergebnisdarstellung lie? sich das Format des Cochrane Review Map von anderen Evidenzsynthesen abgrenzen.
Schlussfolgerung: Das neue Format des Cochrane Review Map ist eine ressourcensparende Methode, um Evidenzl?cken aufzuzeigen. Cochrane Review Maps k?nnen als Grundlage f?r die Weiterentwicklung der Forschung und Versorgung in den Gesundheitsfachberufen herangezogen werden.
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