Abstract. 1 The effect of corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides presented in circulating water supply systems on the corrosion rate of structural materials has been studied. It is shown that using the mixture of zinc phosphonates aqueous solutions, special polymeric dispersants and microbicides based on bromine and quaternary ammonium salts provides dissolution of calcium carbonate deposits and the corrosion rate of steel materials at the lowest level. Rational modes of circulating water chemical treatment are proposed, which increase operational reliability. The electrical conductivity of KU-2 resin, which will be used for intermembrane filling during electrodialysis of makeup water in a circulating water supply system has been determined to prevent the salts concentration.
The increase of ecological safety level of the hydrosphere as a result of the improvement of the adsorption processes for waste and mine water purification by using natural sorbents and desalting processes via electrodialysis has been investigated. The optimal parameters of improved sorption processes with natural sorbents have been established. The mechanism of diffusion was studied by the "kinetic memory" method. Effective coefficients of pore diffusion were determined during sorption of pollutants by natural sorbents. The optimal parameters of electrodialysis with intermembrane filling by ion exchangers for demineralization of waste and mine water have been established.
Ecological danger from uncontrolled accumulation of arboreal wastes in the region of Pokuttia-Bukovyna Carpathians has been estimated. The optimum terms of wood wastes drying in an immobile layer have been studied. The optimum conditions for getting fuel brequettes from wood wastes by the pressing method havw been set. Lignin-containing industrial wastes have been used as a relating component. The principal technological scheme has been offered for fuel granules production from wood wastes by the pressing method.
Purpose. To create methodological tools for assessing obstacles to implementation of energy saving measures by enterprises. Methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: economic-mathematical modeling (substantiation of parameters of preferential crediting of energy-saving projects of enterprises on the basis of building models of repayment of loans and obtaining financial and economic results from these projects), classification and generalization (when grouping obstacles to reduction of consumption of non-renewable energy resources), system analysis (in the development of methodological principles for assessing barriers to energy efficiency); economic analysis and technical and economic calculations (when performing empirical studies on barriers to reducing natural gas consumption), questionnaire (when conducting a survey of owners and managers of surveyed enterprises on factors that hinder the implementation of projects), mathematical statistics (to process the results). Findings. Based on the results of a survey of owners and managers of 74 Ukrainian enterprises belonging to three industries characterized by significant volumes of natural gas consumption, the most significant barriers to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources were identified and grouped. Methods for estimating the level of these barriers by the totality of the studied enterprises and by certain types of financial and economic barriers to reducing the consumption of energy resources are proposed. Models of substantiation of parameters of preferential crediting of energy saving projects which have for the purpose of realization of measures for reduction of consumption of natural gas at the enterprises are constructed. Originality. Existing methods for grouping barriers to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources have been supplemented by introducing such additional features as the stages of development and implementation of energy saving measures and the factors of occurrence of relevant barriers. The methodological basis for assessing these barriers has been improved by substantiating the approach according to which the height of the barrier is determined by the cost of resources to overcome it. Formalized models of preferential lending for energy-saving projects of enterprises have been built, taking into account the efficiency of budget expenditures for such lending. Practical value. The obtained results can be used by both enterprises and public authorities and local governments in assessing obstacles to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources and developing a set of organizational and economic measures to overcome them.
The environmental impact of residual mineral fertilizers not utilized by plants is analyzed. It is shown that this negative effect extends to all elements of the environment: soil, atmosphere, hydrosphere. The perspective of the application of encapsulated mineral fertilizers that allow prolonged release of plant nutrients is outlined. The appliccation of modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETF) as a capsule-forming material for encapsulated mineral fertilizers is proposed. PET modification and fertilizer encapsulation technologies have been tested. The dynamics of the release of nutrients from fertilizers encapsulated by PET has been studied. The kinetics of watercress salad growth with the use of granular and encapsulated fertilizers has been investigated.
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