A private owner established a plantation of a semi-arid hybrid of Paulownia Clone in vitro 112® near the village of Střelice u Brna in 2016. We split the plantation according to terrain micro-relief (into three expositions: South slope, Plain area and North slope) and according to the applied biotechnology of planting (into two parts: each with planting into 20 and 30 cm holes in diameter). We tested different winter protection techniques for above and belowground plant organs. The results suggest that plants inside the 30 cm holes survive and grow better than those inside the 20 cm ones, regardless of terrain micro-relief. On the other hand, plants inside the 20 cm holes survive and grow better on flat areas compared to the others. The most effective protection of the root system against frost during the wintertime seems to be simple soil covering. We have also recognized that bandage of non-woven fabric is the best protection for the above-ground parts of the plants. However, growing conditions in the Czech Republic (CR) are different to those in semi-arid climate for which researchers bred the Paulownia Clone in vitro 112®. It is possible to achieve well-growing and surviving Paulownia plants under growing conditions of the CR when appropriate biotechnology and continuous treatment are applied. Keywords: Paulownia Clone in vitro 112®, plantation, exposition, mortality, growth, protection against frost damage
Coppice forest is an alternative to high forest mainly aimed at the production of firewood with a short rotation period. A new interest in this silvicultural system has arisen with the demand for renewable energy resources. Exploiting the existing root system of the stump, sprouts are advantaged over plants of seed origin, and this advantage could induce changes at the level of a photosynthetic apparatus, especially in young plants. This paper presents a comparison of the photosynthetic ability of young sprouts, young seedlings and mature trees of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) growing in a forest stand managed as a coppice-with-standards in the southeast of the Czech Republic. The basic photosynthetic characteristics and transpiration rate at the leaf level were determined using gas-exchange measurement techniques. Data taken in non-limiting conditions were compared with those obtained under limiting soil moisture. The results revealed no differences between the measured parameters of sprouts, seedlings and old trees in non-limiting conditions. Contrastingly, sprouts had the highest photosynthetic capacity and transpiration during drought due to their ability to maintain a higher stomatal conductance as compared with seedlings and old trees. This suggests a better drought tolerance of sprouts compared to seedlings.
Cette étude s’est déroulée dans une plan- tation forestière en Amérique centrale, proche de la ville de Diriamba au Nica- ragua, où des plantations de teck sur 48,9 ha, dans une zone de reboisement de 76,5 ha, sont renouvelées depuis 2006 (2006 : 7,90 ha ; 2007 : 13,63 ha ;2008 : 11,93 ha ; 2009 : 12,87 ha ; 2010 :21,70 ha). Cette plantation sort de l’ordi- naire du fait de l’espacement de 1 x 1 m des arbres et des facteurs écologiques limitants de cette zone tropicale aride. L’espacement de 1 x 1 m a été choisi pour favoriser la croissance en hauteur et obtenir ainsi des tiges de haute taille, et pour limiter les ramifications afin d’éviter la formation de houppiers importants. Cela permet de démarrer une production de poteaux de teck, adaptés à certaines constructions, dès la première coupe d’éclaircissement. Les paramètres de croissance des tecks (hauteur, circonfé- rence) ont été mesurés dans les placettes expérimentales mises en place en 2011. Des données complémentaires (morta- lité, arbres cassés ou tordus) ont égale- ment été relevées. Une méthodologie de terrain a été développée et les résultats restitués sous forme de tableaux et gra- phiques. Une évaluation statistique des paramètres de croissance a été menée à partir des mesures prises sur les placettes expérimentales délimitées dans la planta- tion. Les jeunes arbres plantés la même année ont été comparés selon leur prove- nance en termes de hauteur, de circonfé- rence, de productivité et de mortalité. Au total, 10 955 arbres sur 143 placettes ont été mesurés. Sur ces peuplements de 1 à 5 ans d’âge, le bois sur pied total est estimé à 1 287,89 m3, la masse moyenne de bois à l’hectare à 17,89 m3, la hauteur moyenne des peuplements à 3,03 m et la circonférence moyenne à hauteur de poitrine à 2,74 cm. Les arbres cassés représentent 5,64 %, les arbres tordus 5,66 % et la mortalité moyenne s’établit à 21,48 %.
We focused on the ability of one-year-old and two-year-old plants of Paulownia Clon in vitro 112® to sprout and grow branches, and on their pruning for their best possible growth on a plantation in Střelice u Brna. Furthermore, we carried out pruning on selected parts that comprised: spring pruning; reduction in the angle between the stem axis and one new growing sprout; and year-long pruning. The sprouting capacity of Paulownia was high—up to 56% (one-year-old plants) and 50% (two-year-old plants). Branches grew on 34% of all one-year-old plants and on 57% of all two-year-old plants. The best possible spring pruning method seems to be the keeping of one stem sprout or one stump sprout for one-year-old plants and one stem sprout for two-year-old plants. The newly growing stem sprout should be formed by bandaging it to the stem, and, as a result of this, the angle between the stem and the sprout can be reduced to 20° in contrast to 50° when the sprout is not bandaged. Our results suggest that it is best to take off the lower ⅓ of the branches and leaves, which leads to faster height growth of the plant.
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