Rail transport is an environmentally friendly form of passenger transport which can be utilized effectively also in urban and suburban transport systems. The paper describes the urban and suburban rail transport system including comparison of selected Czech (Prague, Brno and Ostrava) and German metropolitan regions (Munich, Nuremberg and Dresden). Its aim is to analyze the importance of various factors influencing the differences between the situation in Germany and in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the research question is whether these differences are primarily caused by a different liberalization stage, or whether they are a result of other factors such as available infrastructure, investment level, rail transport services budget, structure and activity of ordering bodies and coordinators or geographical context. The supply of city and suburban rail transport is quite good in Germany and in the Czech Republic, although trains in Munich, Nuremberg and Dresden run more frequently, faster and are better interconnected with car transport. German rail transport sector is at a higher stage of liberalization, and tendering procedures are the preferred selection method for contractor carriers. However, a degree of liberalization of the railway sector is not the key marker indicating a better standard of urban and suburban rail transport in Germany because it is the high standard which is achieved as the consequence of the professional activity of the ordering bodies and train service coordinators in combination with geographical conditions, available financial sources and effective transport infrastructure. On the other hand, the importance of liberalization cannot be totally overlooked as tenders are a tool for the ordering bodies to strongly affect the price and quality of transport services in their area. The supply of better quality and attractive transport to passengers could increase the usage of rail transport in metropolitan regions and could have indirect but important socio-economic impacts
The topic of this article is concerned with the changes of airline network configurations (mainly temporal concentration) in Europe. Air transport in Europe reached significant milestones in 1997, when the air transport became fully liberalized (country from EU 10 in 2004 after their entry to EU). Airline liberalization influenced the configuration of airline networks into hub-andspoke system that is typical by temporal and spatial concentration. The temporal concentration is connected with the adoption or intensification of wave-system structures that considerably influenced overall traffic growth. The wave system structure is the complex of incoming and outgoing flights that are organized such that all incoming flight has connection to all outgoing flights. It is known that airports with wave system perform better due to the number of direct connections via hub. Therefore changes will be observed in transport strategies between years
The topic of this article is about goods logistics in the city centre of Brno. The city's logistic concept should mitigate the negative impact of urban freight transportation without penalizing the activities in the city of Brno such as economic, social or cultural activities. Freight and business traffic in urban areas is a very important topic due to the essential economic and societal needs. The gaining of experience in city freight and business traffic management will therefore contribute to the European objectives, especially in energy savings end emission reductions. City logistics have to respect the need of the city to include its solution into the framework of the urbanistic concept of development or also environmental issues of the city including safety of traffic. City logistics do not concern only freight transport, it is necessary to take into account all the movements of the persons in the city area, which are needed for the operation of the enterprises, services and entrepreneurial locations, i.e. "official" private transport. Within the analytic part the available information is gained on the current state of the supply system in Brno, finding the location of the largest targets for supply transport and the structure of supply cars in the individual zones. The necessary changes in the supply system in Brno (especially in the centre area of the town) will be solved in the proposal part of this article. The locations of the logistics centre or more logistics centres in the context of their connection to the transport infrastructure will be suggested. The efficiency and profitability of operations of logistics relationships will also be assessed. The demand for the use of logistic centres from retailers and small traders will also be solved as well as the acceptability of locating logistic operations and their use by customers.
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