Mt. Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece, is a biosphere reserve and a magnet for countless visitors. In the wider area of Olympus, at least 1,700 species and subspecies of plants are recorded, 26 of which are endemic. Most of the endemics only occur in the high or subalpine zone, which is expected to be strongly affected by climate change or in specific microsites that might be affected by several other factors. Thus, the unique flora of the mountain will probably become extinct. Ex situ conservation can be utilized to prevent and even reverse this trend and preserve plant diversity for future generations. The aim of the present study was to develop reproduction protocols for the endemic species on Mt. Olympus, Centaurea incompleta, Centaurea litochorea and Viola striis-notata, to facilitate their mass production, either for ex situ conservation or reintroduction into their natural habitats, if necessary. Seeds of the target species were collected in summer 2021. In a sample of the collected seeds, the embryo viability was checked using sequentially 1% w/v tetrazolium solution and Evans blue solution concentration of 0.25% w/v. As for the germination tests, two treatments were used to terminate seed dormancy: (a) cold stratification at } 2 °C, and (b) imbibition in gibberellic acid (250 ppm) for 48 hours. The results showed that more than 75% of the embryos in the fertile seeds were viable. In the seed germination tests, treatment with gibberellic acid resulted in germination percentages for Centaurea incompleta and Viola striis-notata are equal to or very close to the seed viability percentage. In contrast, no treatment was successful for Centaurea litochorea, as the control germination percentage was higher.
Tourism is a phenomenon that dates back to ancient times. Ancient Greek philosophers recognised, adopted, and promoted the concept of rest-based tourism. Ecotourism is a particular type of tourism that connects with activities that take place in nature, without harming it, along with the herbal and animal wealth. According to estimates, the global ecotourism industry is currently booming due to various reasons, and it is becoming an important factor of sustainable regional development. This article presents the vision, work, and outcomes of project AdVENt, a project focusing natively in sustainable ecotourism through natural science and technological innovation. AdVENt’s study area includes the National Parks of Oiti (or Oeta) and Parnassus in Central Greece, where there is a remarkable native flora with a high endemism rate integrated with areas of cultural value and national and European hiking routes and paths of varying difficulty.
This paper presents the design issues in the visualization of five distinct store layout types in the context of 3D online retailing and discusses appropriate design decisions. The development of the stores is based on the requirements (layout characteristics) elicited from a three-round Delphi method with 3D expert users and designers which served as the qualitative empirical research vehicle. Along with the visualization of the characteristics of each layout type, the theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and the future research avenues of the study are discussed.
The vascular flora of Greece comprises no less than 6,705 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies, including established aliens) in an area of 131,957 km2. The phytogeographic region of north-east Greece (NE), an area characterised by physiographic diversity, is the richest floristic region in Greece, yet it remains less-explored compared to other regions. We present an annotated inventory of 32 vascular plant taxa collected predominantly from the East Macedonia and Thrace Regions (Makedonia and Thraki, NE Greece), following fieldwork that took place between 2013 and 2021. In our results, we identify seven new additions to the Greek flora (Aethionema saxatile subsp. rhodopaeum, Anthericum ramosum, Aster amellus, Euphorbia carniolica, Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis, Saponaria stranjensis and Silene fetlerii) and 25 new records to the regional Greek flora consisting of mostly rare Balkan endemics of a restricted distribution and presumable conservation priorities. Taxonomic comments are added, where necessary. IUCN threat categories are assigned to certain taxa. Our investigation highlights the importance of the Balkan border areas as a source of new floristic elements for single countries and points to the importance of range-restricted taxa, in addition to single-country endemics, to address plants with a narrow distribution pattern.
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