ABSTRACT. Objective. Abusive head injuries among infants (shaken infant or shaken impact syndrome) represent a devastating form of child abuse; an effective prevention program that reduces the incidence of abusive head injuries could save both lives and the costs of caring for victims. We wished to determine whether a comprehensive, regional, hospital-based, parent education program, administered at the time of the child's birth, could be successfully implemented and to examine its impact on the incidence of abusive head injuries among infants <36 months of age.Methods. All hospitals that provide maternity care in an 8-county region of western New York State participated in a comprehensive regional program of parent education about violent infant shaking. The program was administered to parents of all newborn infants before the infant's discharge from the hospital. The hospitals were asked to provide both parents (mothers and, whenever possible, fathers or father figures) with information describing the dangers of violent infant shaking and providing alternative responses to persistent infant crying and to have both parents sign voluntarily a commitment statement (CS) affirming their receipt and understanding of the materials. Program compliance was assessed by documenting the number of CSs signed by parents and returned by participating hospitals. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with a randomized 10% subset of parents, 7 months after the child's birth, to assess parents' recall of the information. Finally, the regional incidence of abusive head injuries among infants and children <36 months of age during the program (study group) was contrasted with the incidence during the 6 preceding years (historical control group) and with statewide incidence rates for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania during the control and study periods, using Poisson regression analyses with a type I error rate of 0.05.Results. During the first 5. C affey 1,2 first used the term whiplash-shaken infant syndrome to describe the association of intracranial injuries, retinal hemorrhage, and certain long bone fractures attributable to child abuse among infants (the majority Ͻ1 year of age). Other terms for this condition include shaken baby syndrome or shaken infant syndrome, shaken impact syndrome, 3 infant shaken impact syndrome, 4 infant whiplash-shake injury syndrome, 5 abusive head trauma, 6 and inflicted, nonaccidental, or intentional head injury. Shaken infant syndrome is the most widely used and recognized term, although shaking alone may not account for all injuries. 3 Whatever the terminology and pathogenesis, abusive head injuries among infants represent one of the most severe forms of child abuse, with 13 to 30% mortality rates 4,5,7,8 and significant neurologic impairments in at least one half of the survivors. 9 The economic costs of abusive head injuries are significant; initial inpatient hospitalization costs average $18 000 to $70 000 per child, and average ongoing medical costs can exceed $300 000 per child. [10...

The prevalence of dementia among Indigenous Australians is substantially higher than that found in non-Indigenous Australians and all other studied populations.

In order to document urban youth experiences of adults in positions of public authority, including police, educators, social workers and guards, a broad based street survey of 911 New York City‐based urban youth was conducted in which youth, stratified by race, ethnicity, gender and borough, were asked about their experiences with, attitudes toward, and trust of adult surveillance in communities and in schools. In‐depth telephone interviews were conducted with 36 youth who have experienced serious, adverse interactions with police, guards, or educators. Findings suggest that urban youth, overall, express a strong sense of betrayal by adults and report feeling mistrusted by adults, with young men of color most likely to report these perceptions.

The KICA-Cog appears to be a reliable assessment tool for cognitive impairment in an Australian older traditionally living indigenous population.